Viola betonicifolia

Family	Violaceae
Scientific name	Viola betonicifolia Smith
Synonyms	Viola betonicifolia Smith forma pubescens H. Hara; Viola betonicifolia Smith subsp. dielsiana W. Becker; Viola betonicifolia Smith subsp. jaunsariensis (W. Becker) H. Hara; Viola betonicifolia Smith subsp. nepalensis (Gingins) W. Becker; Viola betonicifolia Smith subsp. novaguineensis D. M. Moore; Viola betonicifolia Smith var. albescens (Nakai) F. Maekawa et Hashimoto; Viola betonicifolia Smith var. oblongosagittata (Nakai) F. Maekawa & T. Hashimoto; Viola caespitosa D. Don; Viola caespitosa D. Don var. oblongosagittata (Nakai) F. Maekawa et T. Hashimoto; Viola inconspicua Blume subsp. dielsiana W. Becker; Viola maculicola Koidzumi; Viola oblongosagittata Nakai; Viola oblongosagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai; Viola patrinii Gingins var. caespitosa (D. Don) Ridley; Viola patrinii Gingins var. laotiana H. Boissieu; Viola patrinii Gingins var. nepaulensis Gingins
Common name	(Japanese common name) ariake-sumire [dawn viola]
	(English common name) showy violet
Distribution	(Japan) Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa
	(Other nations) Korea, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Afghanistan
Chromosomal number	2n=24, 48, 72
Description	Flowers petal color white with very variable purple lines, flowering in April to May. Perrenial plants.
Reference	Viola betonicifolia Sm.
	Viola betonicifolia Smith
Note	Many Japanese authors believe that local variety of Viola betonicifolia Smith in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu of Japan is Viola betonicifolia Smith var. albescens (Nakai) F. Maekawa et Hashimoto (Japanese common name = Ariake sumire) and that local variety of Viola betonicifolia Smith in Okinawa of Japan is Viola betonicifolia Smith var. oblongosagittata (Nakai) F. Maekawa & T. Hashimoto (Japanese common name = ryukyu shio-sumire).
	Photo at Tsukuba Botanical Garden is of a vilola which was displayed as Viola betonicifolia Smith var. oblongosagittata (Nakai) F. Maekawa & T. Hashimoto.

April 2007 at Tsukuba Botanical Garden	April 2007 at riverside	April 2007 at riverside

April 2007 at riverside	April 2007 at riverside	April 2007 at riverside

April 2007 at Yukiguni Botanical Garden	April 2007 at Yukiguni Botanical Garden	April 2007 at Yukiguni Botanical Garden