☆ 21. 基本のページ・英文法 関係詞解説001-040
☆関係詞 CHECK ＆MASTER gbk0040
☆☆まず 、読んでみよう。
☆ 最初の説明は語句について。分からなくても良いから、
１回は読んでおこう。問題で慣れてからもう一度読むと、
すごく分かりやすくなる。
☆Ｃｈｅｃｋ Ｔｈｉｓ Ｏｕｔ！☆
関係代名詞 とは、
関係・・・文と文をつなぐ（接続詞）のり。
代名詞・・he, she, it 等の仲間。( he と who の変化を比べて見よ。)
☆ 先行詞＝先に行く言葉。関係詞の節はこの言葉の説明をする。
ここからは、先行詞を青、関係詞を赤で色分けする。
この表は全ての基本。必ず暗記する。
|
|
格 |
he
(代名詞) |
先行詞が
人
|
先行詞が
人以外
|
先行詞が
人＋物（両方)
|
主格
～は
～が |
he
|
ｗｈｏ
|
ｗｈｉｃｈ
|
ｔｈａｔ
|
所有格
～の |
his
|
ｗｈｏｓｅ
|
なし
|
目的格
～を
|
him
|
ｗｈｏｍ
|
ｗｈｉｃｈ
|
ｔｈａｔ
|
|
◆ what 以外はみな 形容詞節を導く。（what 以外の関係代名詞節は先行詞
にかかる。先行詞は名詞。名詞にかかるのは形容詞だ。）
◇ that は便利屋。先行詞が人でも物でもＯＫ。
|
|
＊ that しか使えない場合 と that が使えない場合に注意
|
|
◆ what：名詞節を導く。（what の中には先行詞が含まれている。）
what ＝ that which または the thing(s) which
Do you believe that? ＋ He told you that.
＝ Do you believe what he told you?
◇ ～であること・ものと訳す。
さて、基本問題だ。 空所に最も適切なものをマークせよ。
1. I know a boy ( ) is a good swimmer.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
2. I know a boy ( ) father is a pilot.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
3. I know a boy ( ) everybody likes.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
4. A lady ( ) I didn't know spoke to me at the station.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
5. The man ( ) you met at the store was my uncle.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
6. Look at the boy and the dog ( ) are running over there.
① who ② that ③ which ④ whom
7. What is that building ( ) roof looks green?
① who ② whose ③ which ④ that
8. He has given out all the money ( ) he had.
① who ② whose ③ that ④ whom
9. Mt. Fuju is the mountain ( ) height is 3776 meters.
① that ② whose ③ which ④ whom
10. This is the most interesting film ( ) I have ever seen.
① who ② whose ③ that ④ whom
1. ① ② ③ ④
2. ① ② ③ ④
3. ① ② ③ ④
4. ① ② ③ ④
5. ① ② ③ ④
6. ① ② ③ ④
7. ① ② ③ ④
8. ① ② ③ ④
9. ① ② ③ ④
10. ① ② ③ ④
月 日 氏名 得点 ／
和訳と考え方。☆☆★２つの文に分解して考える。
1. I know a boy who is a good swimmer.
泳ぎの上手な少年を知っているよ。
I know a boy. ＋ He is a good swimmer.
2. I know a boy whose father is a pilot.
お父さんがパイロットの少年を知っているよ。
I know a boy. ＋ His father is a pilot.
3. I know a boy whom everybody likes.
みんなに好かれている少年を知っているよ。
I know a boy. ＋ Everybody likes him.
4. A lady whom I didn't know spoke to me at the station.
知らないご婦人が駅で話しかけてきました。
A lady spoke to me at the station. ＋ I didn't know her.
5. The man whom you met at the store was my uncle.
その店で君が会った人が私の叔父さんです。
The man was my uncle. ＋ You met him at the store
6. Look at the boy and the dog that are running over there.
あそこを走っている少年と犬を見てごらん。
Look at the boy and the dog. ＋ They are running over there.
（先行詞が人と物[動物]両方だから that）
7. What is that building whose roof looks green?
屋根が緑色に見えるあの建物は何ですか。
What is that building. ＋ Its roof looks green?
8. He has given out all the money that he had.
彼は持っていたお金を全部あげてしまった。
He has given out all the money. ＋ He had it.
9. Mt. Fuju is the mountain whose height is 3776 meters.
富士山は高さが3776メートルの山です。
Mt. Fuju is the mountain. ＋ Its height is 3776 meters.
10. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
これは私がこれまで見た中で一番面白い映画です。
This is the most interesting film. ＋ I have ever seen them.
＊ This is the most interesting film of the films that I have ever seen.
と書く方が文法的には正しいもの。その of the films の部分が省略されて
いるものだと考えてよい。
続いて、基本問題だ。 空所に最も適切なものをマークせよ。
11. I have a friend ( ) lives in Hokkaido.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
12. I have a friend ( ) parents are both quite talented.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
13. I have a friend ( ) you will respect when you meet him.
① who ② whose ③ which ④ whom
14. ( ) seems easy at first often turns out to be difficult.
① It ② That ③ What ④ Which
15. Dogs, ( ) are animals, must be treated with care.
① which ② that ③ who ④ of which
16. The hotel ( ) we stayed was very comfortable.
① in that ② in where ③ that ④ where
17. The man ( ) I thought was honest deceived me.
① which ② whose ③ who ④ whom
18. The man ( ) I thought to be honest deceived me.
① which ② whose ③ who ④ whom
19. Surely this was his native village, ( ) he left ten years ago.
① which ② that ③ who ④ of which
20. I remained silent, ( ) seemed to irritate him.
① which ② that ③ who ④ of which
11. ① ② ③ ④
12. ① ② ③ ④
13. ① ② ③ ④
14. ① ② ③ ④
15. ① ② ③ ④
16. ① ② ③ ④
17. ① ② ③ ④
18. ① ② ③ ④
19. ① ② ③ ④
20. ① ② ③ ④
月 日 氏名 得点 ／
和訳と考え方。☆☆★２つの文に分解して考える。
11. I have a friend who lives in Hokkaido.
私には北海道に住んでいる友達がいます。
I have a friend. ＋ He lives in Hokkaido.
12. I have a friend whose parents are both quite talented.
私には両親が２人共とても才能を持った友達がいます。
I have a friend. ＋ His parents are both quite talented.
13. I have a friend whom you will respect when you meet him.
私には、君が会ったら尊敬するだろうような友達がいます。
I have a friend. ＋ You will respect him when you meet him.
14. What seems easy at first often turns out to be difficult.
最初は簡単に思えるものが、難しいと分かることがよくある。
A thing often turns out to be difficult. ＋ It seems easy at first.
A thing which seems easy at first often turns out to be difficult.
☆☆★ A thing which ＝ what
☆☆★ whatには、先行詞が含まれている。whatの導く節は名詞節。
15. Dogs, which are animals, must be treated with care.
犬は、動物だから、注意して扱ってやらねばならない。
Dogs must be treated with care. ＋ They are animals,
☆☆★ 前に,(カンマ)があったら that は×。
16. The hotel where we stayed was very comfortable.
私達が泊まったホテルは快適だった。
The hotel was very comfortable. ＋ We stayed at the hotel.
☆☆★ at the hotel ⇒ at which ＝ where
☆☆★ 前に前置詞があったら that は×。
17. The man who I thought was honest deceived me.
正直だと思っていた男にだまされた。
The man deceived me. ＋ I thought (that) he was honest.
18. The man whom I thought to be honest deceived me.
正直だと思っていた男にだまされた。
The man deceived me. ＋ I thought him to be honest
19. Surely this was his native village, which he left ten years ago.
確かにここが彼の生まれ育った村だが、彼はここを１０年前に去った。
Surely this was his native village. ＋ He left it ten years ago.
☆☆★ 前に,(カンマ)があったら that は×。
20. I remained silent, which seemed to irritate him.
私は黙っていたが、それで彼はいらいらしているようだった。
I remained silent. ＋ And it seemed to irritate him.
☆☆★ 前文全体が先行詞の時は、,(カンマ) which。
☆☆★ 前に,(カンマ)があったら that は×。
まだあるぞ、基本問題だ。 空所に最も適切なものをマークせよ。
21. The day ( ) we started was cold and cloudy.
① which ② on that ③ of that ④ on which
22. Give it to ( ) wants it.
① who ② that ③ whomever ④ whoever
23. ( ) you take with you is welcome.
① Who ② Whom ③ Whomever ④ Whoever
24. The day will come ( ) you will regret this.
① who ② that ③ where ④ when
25. He told her a lie, ( ) she couldn't stand.
① who ② that ③ which ④ where
26. This is the picture ( ) I paid as much as 10,000 dollars.
① which ② that ③ on which ④ for which
27. Her father, ( ) has been in Paris, has just returned.
① who ② that ③ which ④ where
28. Who ( ) has met him could help liking him?
① who ② that ③ which ④ where
29. I gave him ( ) little money I had.
① what ② that ③ which ④ where
30. The doctor told him to take a few days' rest, ( ) advice he followed.
① whom ② that ③ which ④ whoever
21. ① ② ③ ④
22. ① ② ③ ④
23. ① ② ③ ④
24. ① ② ③ ④
25. ① ② ③ ④
26. ① ② ③ ④
27. ① ② ③ ④
28. ① ② ③ ④
29. ① ② ③ ④
30. ① ② ③ ④
月 日 氏名 得点 ／
和訳と考え方。☆☆★２つの文に分解して考える。
21. The day on which[when] we started was cold and cloudy.
私達が出発した日は寒くて曇っていた。
The day was cold and cloudy. ＋ We started on the day.
☆☆★ on the day ⇒ on which ＝ when
☆☆★ 前に前置詞があったら that は×。
22. Give it to whoever wants it.
それを、欲しがる人なら誰にでもあげてください。
Give it to anyone whe wants it.
☆☆★ whoeverには、先行詞が含まれている。
☆☆★ anyone who ＝ whoever
23. Whomever you take with you is welcome.
あなたが連れていく人なら誰でも歓迎ですよ。
Anyone whom you take with you is welcome.
☆☆★ whomeverにも、先行詞が含まれている。
☆☆★ anyone whom ＝ whomever
Anyone is welcome. ＋ You take him with you.
24. The day will come when you will regret this.
このことを後悔する日が来るぞ。
The day will come. ＋ You will regret this on the day.
☆☆★ on the day ⇒ on which ＝ when
☆☆★ 前に前置詞があったら that は×。
25. He told her a lie, which she couldn't stand.
彼は彼女に嘘をついた。彼女にはそのことが我慢できなかった。
He told her a lie. ＋ And she couldn't stand it.
☆☆★ 前文全体が先行詞の時は、,(カンマ) which。
☆☆★ 前に,(カンマ)があったら that は×。
26. This is the picture for which I paid as much as 10,000 dollars.
これが、１万ドル出して手にいれた絵です。
This is the picture. ＋ I paid as much as 10,000 dollars for it.
27. Her father, who has been in Paris, has just returned.
彼女のお父さんは、今までパリにいたのですが、ちょうど帰って来たとこです。
Her father has just returned. ＋ He has been in Paris.
☆☆★ 前に,(カンマ)があったら that は×。
28. Who that has met him could help liking him?
彼に会ったことのある一体誰が彼を好きにならずにいられるだろうか。
Who could help liking him? ＋ He has met him.
☆☆★ 疑問詞が先行詞の時は、that しか×。
29. I gave him what little money I had.
私は、なけなしの金を彼にやった。
I gave him the little money. ＋ I had it.
I gave him the little money that I had .
the little money that ＝ what little money
☆☆★ 関係形容詞what。名詞moneyにかかる。
☆☆★ what littl money：なけなしの金
30. The doctor told him to take a few days' rest, which advice he followed.
医者は彼に２、３日休みをとるように言った。そしてその忠告に彼は従った。
The doctor told him to take a few days' rest.
＋ And he followed the advice.
☆☆★ 前文の一部が先行詞の時は、,(カンマ) which。
☆☆★ 関係形容詞which。名詞adviceにかかる。
あと１０個、基本問題だ。 空所に最も適切なものをマークせよ。
31. This is ( ) I didn't agree with him.
① whom ② why ③ which ④ whoever
32. This is ( ) I came to know the story.
① whom ② that ③ which ④ how
33. He stayed there for six days, ( ) he left for Hawaii.
① what ② that ③ when ④ where
34. She went shopping at a supermarket, ( ) she met John.
① what ② that ③ where ④ which
35. He is no longer the diligent boy ( ) he used to be.
① whom ② that ③ who ④ whoever
36. There is no mother ( ) loves her children.
① who ② that ③ but ④ whoever
37. You had better read such books ( ) will be instructive.
① as ② that ③ which ④ what
38. She has convinced me that ( ) she says is true.
① whom ② that ③ what ④ which
39. Children should not have more money ( ) is needed.
① what ② that ③ which ④ than
40. ( ) is often the case, he came late.
① Who ② That ③ As ④ Which
31. ① ② ③ ④
32. ① ② ③ ④
33. ① ② ③ ④
34. ① ② ③ ④
35. ① ② ③ ④
36. ① ② ③ ④
37. ① ② ③ ④
38. ① ② ③ ④
39. ① ② ③ ④
40. ① ② ③ ④
月 日 氏名 得点 ／
和訳と考え方。☆☆★２つの文に分解して考える。
31. This is why I didn't agree with him.
こう言うわけで私は彼に賛成しなかったのです。
This is the reason why I didn't agree with him.
This is the reason. ＋ I didn't agree with him for the reason.
☆☆★ for the reason ⇒ for which ＝ why
☆☆★ the reason why ＝ the reason ＝ why
☆☆★ This is why：こういうわけで。
32. This is how I came to know the story.
この様にして私はその話を知りました。
This is the way. ＋ I came to know the story in the way.
☆☆★ in the way ⇒ in which ＝ how
☆☆★ This is how ＝ This is the way
☆☆★ This is how：このようにして。
33. He stayed there for six days, when he left for Hawaii.
彼はそこに６日いました。そしてハワイへと向かいました。
He stayed there for six days. ＋ And then he left for Hawaii.
☆☆★ , when：そしてそれから、するとその時
34. She went shopping at a supermarket, where she met John.
彼女はスーパーへ買い物に行きました。そしてそこでジョンに会いました。
She went shopping at a supermarket. ＋ And there she met John.
☆☆★ , where：そしてそこで
35. He is no longer the diligent boy that/which he used to be.
彼はもう昔の勤勉な学生ではない。
He is no longer the diligent boy. ＋ He used to be a diligent boy.
☆☆★ 先行詞が人の内容(ここではdiligent)の場合、関係代名詞はthatかwhich。
36. There is no mother but loves her children.
自分の子供を愛さない母親はいない。
There is no mother. ＋ She does not loves her children.
☆☆★ but ＝ that[who] not
37. You had better read such books as will be instructive.
ためになるような本を読むべきですよ。
You had better read such books. ＋ They will be instructive.
☆☆★ 先行詞にsuchがついたら関係代名詞はas。
38. She has convinced me that what she says is true.
彼女は、自分の言っていることが本当だと私に確信させた。
She has convinced me that the thing which she says is true.
that[接続詞]節の中で、the thing is true ＋ she says it
☆☆★ the thing which ＝ what。
39. Children should not have more money than is needed.
子供は必要以上のお金を持つべきではない。
Children should not have more money. ＋ It is needed.
☆☆★ 先行詞に比較級がついたら関係代名詞はthan。
40. As is often the case, he came late.
よくあることだが、彼は遅刻した。
☆☆★ As is often the case (with ～)：(～には)よくあることだが
解答(ここだけプリントアウトして、答えを折り曲げて、あと２回やろう。
一つでも間違ったら、全部やり直し。満点で次へ行く。）
1. ① ② ③ ④ 1. ① ② ③ ④ 1. ① ② ③ ④
2. ① ② ③ ④ 2. ① ② ③ ④ 2. ① ② ③ ④
3. ① ② ③ ④ 3. ① ② ③ ④ 3. ① ② ③ ④
4. ① ② ③ ④ 4. ① ② ③ ④ 4. ① ② ③ ④
5. ① ② ③ ④ 5. ① ② ③ ④ 5. ① ② ③ ④
6. ① ② ③ ④ 6. ① ② ③ ④ 6. ① ② ③ ④
7. ① ② ③ ④ 7. ① ② ③ ④ 7. ① ② ③ ④
8. ① ② ③ ④ 8. ① ② ③ ④ 8. ① ② ③ ④
9. ① ② ③ ④ 9. ① ② ③ ④ 9. ① ② ③ ④
10. ① ② ③ ④ 10. ① ② ③ ④ 10. ① ② ③ ④
解答
11. ① ② ③ ④ 11. ① ② ③ ④ 11. ① ② ③ ④
12. ① ② ③ ④ 12. ① ② ③ ④ 12. ① ② ③ ④
13. ① ② ③ ④ 13. ① ② ③ ④ 13. ① ② ③ ④
14. ① ② ③ ④ 14. ① ② ③ ④ 14. ① ② ③ ④
15. ① ② ③ ④ 15. ① ② ③ ④ 15. ① ② ③ ④
16. ① ② ③ ④ 16. ① ② ③ ④ 16. ① ② ③ ④
17. ① ② ③ ④ 17. ① ② ③ ④ 17. ① ② ③ ④
18. ① ② ③ ④ 18. ① ② ③ ④ 18. ① ② ③ ④
19. ① ② ③ ④ 19. ① ② ③ ④ 19. ① ② ③ ④
20. ① ② ③ ④ 20. ① ② ③ ④ 20. ① ② ③ ④
解答
21. ① ② ③ ④ 21. ① ② ③ ④ 21. ① ② ③ ④
22. ① ② ③ ④ 22. ① ② ③ ④ 22. ① ② ③ ④
23. ① ② ③ ④ 23. ① ② ③ ④ 23. ① ② ③ ④
24. ① ② ③ ④ 24. ① ② ③ ④ 24. ① ② ③ ④
25. ① ② ③ ④ 25. ① ② ③ ④ 25. ① ② ③ ④
26. ① ② ③ ④ 26. ① ② ③ ④ 26. ① ② ③ ④
27. ① ② ③ ④ 27. ① ② ③ ④ 27. ① ② ③ ④
28. ① ② ③ ④ 28. ① ② ③ ④ 28. ① ② ③ ④
29. ① ② ③ ④ 29. ① ② ③ ④ 29. ① ② ③ ④
30. ① ② ③ ④ 30. ① ② ③ ④ 30. ① ② ③ ④
解答
31. ① ② ③ ④ 31. ① ② ③ ④ 31. ① ② ③ ④
32. ① ② ③ ④ 32. ① ② ③ ④ 32. ① ② ③ ④
33. ① ② ③ ④ 33. ① ② ③ ④ 33. ① ② ③ ④
34. ① ② ③ ④ 34. ① ② ③ ④ 34. ① ② ③ ④
35. ① ② ③ ④ 35. ① ② ③ ④ 35. ① ② ③ ④
36. ① ② ③ ④ 36. ① ② ③ ④ 36. ① ② ③ ④
37. ① ② ③ ④ 37. ① ② ③ ④ 37. ① ② ③ ④
38. ① ② ③ ④ 38. ① ② ③ ④ 38. ① ② ③ ④
39. ① ② ③ ④ 39. ① ② ③ ④ 39. ① ② ③ ④
40. ① ② ③ ④ 40. ① ② ③ ④ 40. ① ② ③ ④
☆☆★ さて、ここでもう１回最初の解説を読んでみよう。
そうすると、さっきよりもずっと良く理解できる。☆☆★