大学入試 厳選 英文読解    NRZ00Z3E
 
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 準備するのはペン3色+ラインマーカ3色
 
 2選抜テキスト
 
 各英文を和訳せよ。 
 
 下線が施してある場合は下線部のみ。
 設問がある場合は設問に答えるだけでよい。
 それ以外は全て全訳とする。  
 
 ☆提出は前日まで。当日の場合は5:00まで。☆☆遅刻は認めない。
 
  1.  Having all your mental systems on full alert for a long time is
 exhausting.
 
  2.  One positive step people may take to preserve a certain way of life
 is the establishment of a government.   
 
  3.  The problem in determining the answer to questions concerning the
 origin and evolution of human language is that we have so little solid
 evidence on which to base any claims.
 
  4.  In 1776 Mozart wrote,“We live in this world to compel ourselves
 industriously to enlighten one another by means of reasoning and to apply
 ourselves always to carrying forward the sciences and the arts.”
 
  5.  In the beginning, we humans did not settle away from each other.
 We did not keep to ourselves or to lonely, outer borders. We were curious,
 drawn to one another, comforted by our similarities and inspired by our
 differences. We are still that way, I think.
 
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  6.  We tend to see ourselves as others see us and, thus, to make
 judgements about our conduct through the eyes of other persons.
 
  7.  Of course, it is always possible to finish a novel in the purely
 formal sense, to bring its narrative sequence to some kind of conclusion.
 And always, as one writes, there is the temptation to hurry the book to
 its end to relieve the suspense about one's ability to finish it.
 
  8.  Some of the children were scratched launching cats, but it was
 such a pleasure to be throwing cats around without being scolded for it
 that they forgot their wounds. In the end, Bell had to admit that a cat
 can right itself in mid-air.
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
  9.  We are ( 1 ) able to see those who are very close ( 2 ) us as they
 really are because ( 3 ) our readiness to accept their faults and ( 4 )
 their virtues. The ( 5 ) is equally true when we ( 6 ) to look at
 ourselves. It is very difficult ( 7 ) anybody to be ( 8 ) about his own
 character. Yet ( 9 ) is very good for us to try to be so ( 10 ) time to
 time.
 
  ア it    イ of      ウ to      エ for    オ come
  カ from   キ same     ク about    ケ become  コ reason
  サ rarely  シ emphasise  ス objective  セ subjective
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 10.  So far from admiring their parents and wishing to become like them,
 one side of their nature hates them and wishes to avoid having anything to
 do with them.
 
 11.  No species of animal can ever be perfectly adapted to its
 environment, because the environment changes; and a species which has
 adapted itself exceptionally well to the conditions of a given period may
 later be made unfit for that very reason, while other species, less highly
 specialised, increase and multiply.
 
 12.  Memories are our most enduring characteristic. In old age we can
 remember our childhood eighty or more years ago; a chance remark can
 conjure up a face, a name, a vision of sea or mountains once seen and
 apparently long forgotten. Memory defines who we are and shapes the
 way we act more closely than any other single aspect of our personhood.
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 13.  Writers ( 1 ) their own drafts are aware ( 2 ) audience. They
 ( 3 ) themselves in the reader's situation and ( 4 ) sure that they ( 5 )
 information which a reader wants to know or needs to know ( 6 ) a manner
 which is easily digested. Writers ( 7 ) to be sure that they ( 8 )
 and answer the questions a critical reader will ask ( 9 ) reading the
 ( 10 ) of writing.
 
   ア if    イ in     ウ to     エ of      オ put
   カ try    キ make    ク when    ケ piece     コ create
   サ drafts  シ reading  ス deliver  セ anticipate  ソ participate
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 14.  Since basic language and mathematical skills are indispensable
 to modern society, they are an integral part of the school curriculum.
 Today's rapidly changing knowledge base mandates that schools not only
 provide students with the basic facts but also teach them how to continue
 learning so as to adapt to change. Teaching how to think is a fundamental
 part of the educational system.
 
 15.  By its nature, the expensive habit is not only physically
 gratifying but also beyond the financial reach of all but a fortunate
 few, thus making it a treat for the mind as well as the body.
 
 16.  The fantastic economic growth made possible by modern science has
 a dark side, for it has led to severe environmental damage to many parts
 of the planet, and raised the possibility of an eventual global ecological
 catastrophe.
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 17.  To guard against ( 1 ) to human well-being, we must make certain
 that we have ( 2 ) systems of ( 3 ) in place to ( 4 ) that future
 scientific progress is safe, ethical and environmentally ( 5 ). Openness
 in ( 6 ) the meanings and possible ( 7 ) of scientific ( 8 ) is ( 9 )
 essential, both in government ( 10 ) and in the scientific community.
 
   ア sound   イ ensure   ウ hardly   エ ignore    オ policy
   カ reason   キ threats  ク advances  ケ effective  コ absolutely
   サ explaining  シ regulation   ス departments   セ consequences
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 18.  It is generally assumed that the most important function language
 performs is the communication of information. Written language has
 permitted the development of diverse cultures; it makes it possible to
 transfer information so that people may utilize the knowledge of their
 ancestors and other people in different cultures.
 
 19.  Only later did I learn how something seen from the viewpoint of
 one's own culture can have an entirely different meaning when looked at
 from a foreign culture's point of view.
 
 20.  Many people take sleep so much for granted that they hardly ever
 stop to reflect on its origin and meaning. Only when it is disturbed
 does sleep become a subject of conscious thought and a problem.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 21.  Science and technology have ( 1 ) our lives over the past 150
 years. And there is every ( 2 ), given the correct ( 3 ) framework,
 that they will do the same over the next 150. The ( 4 ) of scientific
 knowledge has ( 5 ) us to control some of the risks of life and ( 6 )
 some of its worst ( 7 ). In ( 8 ), advances in medical science have
 ( 9 ) the threat of a great variety of ( 10 ).
 
   ア evils    イ emerge   ウ growth   エ allowed   オ reduced
   カ approved  キ prevents  ク diseases  ケ improved  コ eliminate
   サ particular   シ regulatory   ス possibility   セ particularly
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 22.  Not only does our technology provide us with an enormous expansion
 of the scope of our physical selves, but it also expands our mental
 capabilities by greatly improving upon our abilities to perform many
 routine tasks.                     
 
 23.  If we are to build an environmentally sustainable economy, we have
 to go beyond traditional economic indicators of progress. If we put a
 computer in every home in the next century but also wipe out half of the
 world's plant and animal species, that would hardly be an economic success.
 
 24.  All learning implies memory. If we remembered nothing from our
 experiences we could learn nothing. Life would consist of momentary
 experiences that had little relation to one another. We could not even
 carry on a simple conversation. To communicate, you must (   ) the
 thought you want to express as well as what has just been said to you.
 
 ( )に適語を記し全訳せよ。
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 25.  I do not ( 1 ) to suggest that simply ( 2 ) a foreign tongue ( 3 )
 to one's understanding of that language. I ( 4 ) know, however, that
 being ( 5 ) to the existence of other languages ( 6 ) the perception
 that the world is ( 7 ) by people who not only ( 8 ) differently from
 oneself but ( 9 ) cultures and philosophies ( 10 ) other than one's own.
 
   ア do     イ are    ウ mean    エ mind    オ tell
   カ adds    キ speak   ク which    ケ whose    コ exposed
   サ exposing  シ decrease  ス increases  セ populated  ソ overhearing
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 26.  We will never run out of things to discover-an encouraging fact
 since the process of discovery is the driving force of economic growth.
 If we ever reached a point at which there were no new discoveries, then
 resource scarcity would bring economic progress to a halt.
 
 27.  Communications technology itself is neutral. If television and
 instant global communications had existed in the 1930s, they would have
 been used to great effect by Nazi propagandists to promote fascist rather
 than democratic ideas.
 
 28.  We not only tend to avoid people who make us feel guilty, we also
 tend to“project”our own feelings of guilt, so that the victim becomes
 transformed into an accuser whom we then hate for accusing us. It is a
 well-known psychological mechanism in unhappy marriages, and it can
 equally well color relationships between nations and peoples. 
 
  下線部Itの内容を80字以内で述べよ。
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 29.  One reason we ( 1 ) so often on ( 2 ) to ( 3 ) the line is because
 ( 4 ) are so many different ways to ( 5 ) objects and images. Thus, we
 usually classify them in ( 6 ) of how they ( 7 ) and serve our individual
 or cultural ( 8 ). An individual horse, for example, can be ( 9 ) in
 quite a number of ways that are not all ( 10 ) biologically based.
 
  ア draw    イ terms    ウ they     エ there    オ which
  カ where    キ affect    ク effect    ケ interest   コ disagree
  サ cooperate  シ accordance  ス categorize  セ classified  ソ necessarily
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 30.  It was not until the formation of a U.S. agency in charge of
 national parks in 1916 that the concept of managing parks so as to
 maintain their natural qualities was accepted.
 
 31.   It's not what happens to you in life, but how you deal with it,
 that makes you a survivor and a winner. It's that ability to adapt and
 even to thrive while shedding one skin for another that keeps our minds
 supple and our souls vital. It makes us interesting to be around, gives
 us energy and purpose.
 
 32.  We believe ourselves to represent the pinnacle of intelligence
 in the animal kingdom. But this intelligence seems sadly inadequate to
 handle many of the problems that our own society continues to confront
 us with.         
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 33.  Almost all mechanical ( 1 ) on earth, from clocks to
 hydroelectric dams, rely on ( 2 ) for their operation. So does life.
 Gravity ( 3 ) our height and shape and keeps us from falling off the
 ( 4 ) of the earth. “We are children of gravity,”says a ( 5 )
 scientist. “As we age, we reach a point when we begin to ( 6 ) to it.
 Sagging skin and ( 7 ), arthritis, failing hearts ― these all come
 from the lost ( 8 ) against gravity. Gravity guided the evolutionary
 ( 9 ) of every plant and animal species and has ( 10 ) the size and
 shape of our bodies.”
 
   ア blood    イ climb    ウ yield    エ battle   オ organs
   カ people   キ destiny   ク devices   ケ governs   コ gravity
   サ medical   シ surface   ス dictated   セ diminished
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 34.  People who obey the rules will act in a way that helps, or at least,
 does not harm, society.             
 
 35.  Some social critics believe that television has come to dominate
 family life because today's parents are too selfish to take time and
 effort that reading aloud or playing games or even just talking to each
 other would require.         
 
 36.  In a society in which obesity is the principal nutritional disease,
 one easily forgets the horrible things that lack of food and drink can do
 to the human body.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 37.  Americans take it ( 1 ) granted that a private enterprise system
 should be ( 2 ). We ( 3 ) competition to be the principal ( 4 )
 by ( 5 ) the public interest is protected, and consequently we think it
 a ( 6 ) function of the State to ( 7 ) to it that competition is kept
 ( 8 ). It is ( 9 ) this end that we protect competition ( 10 ) law.
 
   ア by    イ to     ウ for      エ see    オ major
   カ minor  キ enjoy   ケ which     ク means   コ expect
   サ stable  シ vigorous  ス competition  セ competitive
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 38.  In our own century we have experienced on the one hand two
 devastating world wars, and on the other, an enormous growth in knowledge
 of other cultures resulting in a general acceptance of cultural diversity.
 All this has shaken the common confidence with which people once thought
 they knew what they ought to believe about how the world worked, what our
 place was in the world, and what kinds of conduct were acceptable and what
 were not.
 
 39.  A system of government that merely grants the general public the
 opportunity to accept decisions taken by the elite groups that dominate
 the society can hardly be termed a democracy.
 
 40.  Various human abilities and qualities can be achieved only in
 an environment in which they can flourish. They cannot be taught by
 forceful means. What is true of physical growth is also quite generally
 true of human maturation and learning.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 41.  Here is a great argument in ( 1 ) of foreign travel and learning
 foreign languages. It is only by travelling in, or living in, a country
 and getting to know its ( 2 ) and their language, ( 3 ) one can find
 out ( 4 ) a country and its people are really like. And ( 5 ) different
 the knowledge one ( 6 ) this way frequently ( 7 ) out to be from the
 second-hand information ( 8 ) from other sources! How often we find
 that the foreigners ( 9 ) we thought to be such different people from
 ourselves are not so very different ( 10 ) all!
 
   ア of    イ get    ウ how    エ that    オ what
   カ whom   キ after   ク gains   ケ which    コ turns
   サ favour  シ charge  ス getting  セ gathered  ソ inhabitants
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 42.  To be sure, the fact that children are likely to choose watching
 television over having a story read aloud to them, or playing with a
 stamp collection, or going out for a walk in the park does not mean that
 watching television is actually more entertaining or gratifying than any
 of these activities. It does mean, however, that watching television is
 easier.                     
 
 43.  The confidence of earlier world views has been shaken by various
 historical developments; however, the philosophical issue concerns whether,
 despite all that, it is still correct to assume that certain common
 beliefs are absolute. That is to say, we still hold on to the idea that
 in many different areas of human inquiry, whether in science, art,
 morality or religion, there is such a thing as ultimate truth.
 
 44.  At the age of fifty, and with a dozen or so books published, it
 does not seem tautologous to say that I write because I am a writer. To
 stop writing, not to write, is now unthinkable-or perhaps it is the
 secret fear to assuage which one goes on writing. My sense of my own
 identity is so intimately connected with my writing that if I ceased to
 write I should become, in Orwellian language, an unperson to myself.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 45.  Every ( 1 ) of animal, our own included, must ( 2 ) a way of
 life that makes the ( 3 ) of life available. The ( 4 ) adopted by the
 tiger to ( 5 ) that it gets what it needs to maintain life and ( 6 )
 itself is ( 7 ): a certain area within which it can hunt, eat, sleep,
 drink, mate and ( 8 ) young. Except for mothers rearing cubs, tigers are
 ( 9 ) animals; they do not live ( 10 ) groups like lions.
 
   ア in     イ rear    ウ rise    エ rule    オ with
   カ basics   キ ensure   ク nature   ケ secure   コ species
   サ strategy  シ solitary  ス establish  セ reproduce  ソ territory
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 
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 46.  Are we really much happier in our modern technological world with
 all its newfound knowledge than our ancestors who knew nothing of these
 things?
 
 47.   More and more psychological researchers seem to be suggesting
 one unexpected theory: parents do not have nearly as much influence over
 their children as we both hope and fear they have.
 
 48.  If an extremely suspicious person believes that the FBI is spying
 on and persecuting him, no amount of logical argument will dissuade him.
 His convictions are as firm as the Rock of Gibraltar. A conviction about
 oneself may contradict the facts, but the person who has come to think of
 himself as inferior is as unimpressed by facts as is the overly suspicious.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 49.  One of the first steps in ( 1 ) progress is to ( 2 ) that our
 generation is the first whose actions can ( 3 ) the habitability of the
 planet for future generations. We have ( 4 ) this capacity not by ( 5 )
 design but as a ( 6 ) of a global economy that is outgrowing its
 environmental support systems. In ( 7 ), we have acquired the capacity
 to ( 8 ) the Earth's natural systems but have refused to ( 9 )
 responsibility for doing so. We live in a world that is overly ( 10 )
 with the present. ( 11 ) on quarterly profit-and-loss statements, we are
 ( 12 ) as though we had no children. In short, we have lost our sense of
 responsibility to future generations.
 
  ア deny    イ find    ウ alter    エ affect    オ effect
  カ accept   キ focused   ク acquired  ケ required   コ behaving
  サ conscious  シ recognize  ス concerned  セ redefining  ソ consequence
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 50.  A less-talented person may make a satisfactory adjustment to his
 limited capacities, while a person of much greater capacities who thinks
 he is defective may make a less satisfactory adaptation to life.
 
 51.  The pleasure of a story lies not only in the satisfaction that can
 be derived from a completed tale, but in the process of the telling itself,
 in (  ) the tale is told.
 
 ( )に適語を記せ。
 
 
 52.  It is not surprising that so many people like to read biographies,
 for they are a kind of window into a man's life; the better the biography
 the larger and clearer the window. 
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 53.  Now we ( 1 ) to take our good health for ( 2 ), but we should
 remember how ( 3 ) death at an early age would have been in the
 pre-industrial era, and that the ( 4 ) why that is no ( 5 ) so is
 mostly ( 6 ) to advances in science. As the historian J. H. Plumb once
 commented:‘No one in his senses would choose to have been ( 7 ) in a
 previous age ( 8 ) he could be certain that he would have been born
 into a ( 9 ) family, that he would have enjoyed ( 10 ) good
 health, and that he would have ( 11 ) stoically the death of the
 ( 12 ) of his children.’
 
   ア few    イ due    ウ born    エ rare    オ tend
   カ common  キ longer   ク reason   ケ unless   コ granted
   サ whether  シ accepted  ス majority  セ extremely  ソ prosperous
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 54.  No observation is more common than that of the child separated for
 a few weeks or months during the second or third year failing to recognize
 his mother on reunion.
 
 55.  Plants are, in many ways, much more successful organisms than
 animals. They were the first to colonise the land on this planet. Even
 today, they can thrive in places where no animal can exist for any length
 of time. They grow much bigger than any animal and they live much longer.
 And animals are totally dependent upon them.
 
 56.  Justice was bought and sold, denied and delayed as much in
 England after Magna Carta as before it, because winning in court was
 more important to people than some abstract idea of justice.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 57.  I am not ( 1 ) for the mindless ( 2 ) of scientific change; I am
 arguing against a mindless ( 3 ) to it. Our lives in the coming century
 will ( 4 ) be changed by the ( 5 ) taking place in almost all scientific
 fields. However, it is only the ( 6 ) of a properly ( 7 ) scientific
 framework that will ( 8 ) that these developments are put to use for our
 ( 9 ) good. We cannot turn away from ( 10 ), but we can ( 11 ) it and
 guide it in such a way that people in all countries may enjoy its ( 12 ).
 
  ア ensure    イ arguing   ウ certain   エ pursuit   オ telling
  カ progress   キ encourage  ク existence  ケ regulated  コ problems
  サ advantages  シ inevitably  ス opposition  セ collective  ソ revolutions
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 58.  Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the
 normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or
 different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the
 way of life of other countries is often a distorted one.
 
 59.  That a man's business, be it of any kind, must be done, and done
 promptly, is a truth acknowledged universally, though sadly not always
 universally followed.
 
 60.  Differences between peoples do, of course, exist and, one hopes,
 will always continue to do so. The world will be a dull place indeed when
 all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people
 might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With
 almost the whole of Western Europe belonging to the European Union and
 the increasing standardization that this entails, plus the much greater
 rapidity and ease of travel, there might seem some truth in this-at
 least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the
 greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before
 that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of
 animal from themselves.
 
  下線部thisの内容を50字以内の日本語で述べよ。  
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 61.  What is ( 1 ) about modern obesity is that it ( 2 ), ( 3 ) the
 contempt in ( 4 ) fat people are held, despite ( 5 ) efforts to educate
 the public about the link between obesity and heart ( 6 ), and despite the
 booming diet and fitness ( 7 ). The fact ( 8 ) half of Western adults are
 dieting suggests that the foodstat is not very ( 9 ). The ( 10 ) is
 clear: for most of human ( 11 ), this was not ( 12 ) kept us from becoming
 overweight. It was lack of food.
 
   ア that    イ what    ウ which    エ effect    オ reason
   カ disease  キ despite   ク intense   ケ insists   コ inspite
   サ persists  シ effective  ス existence  セ industries  ソ remarkable
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 62.  This view of the future, fueled by exciting advances in technology,
 is particularly common in the information industry. It reflects a new
 conception of the human species, one in which human societies are seen as
 free of dependence on the natural world. Our information-based economy is
 thought capable of evolving independently of the Earth's ecosystem.
 
 63.  Our senses have been vastly extended by our technology, both
 ancient and modern. Our sight has been aided and enormously increased
 in power by spectacles, mirrors, telescopes, microscopes of all kinds,
 and by video-cameras, television, and the like.   
 
 64.  In most families, television is always there as an easy and safe
 competitor. When another activity is proposed, it had better be really
 special; otherwise it is in danger of being rejected. The parents who
 have unsuccessfully proposed a game or a story end up feeling rejected
 as well. They are unaware that television is still affecting their
 children's enjoyment of other activities, even when the set is off.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 65.  None of the goods and services that people want can be ( 1 )
 without ( 2 ), and the standard of living of a nation ( 3 ) very much
 on the quality and ( 4 ) of the people who work-in other words, on
 its labour ( 5 ). An increase in the population will mean, of course, an
 ( 6 ) in the total number of workers; but, as the goods and services
 which they want will also increase, a ( 7 ) increase in the population
 does not ( 8 ) make the ( 9 ) citizen any better off. What is much more
 important is how many people in a country ( 10 ) useful work as ( 11 )
 with those who do ( 12 ) or no work.
 
  ア mere    イ only    ウ rely    エ force   オ little
  カ labour   キ average  ク depends  ケ perform  コ compared
  サ decrease  シ increase  ス produced  セ quantity  ソ necessarily
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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  イギリスの小説家で元バーミンガム大学英文科教授の David Lodge (1935-)
 のエッセイ“Why Do I Write?”(1986)。
 
 66.  As one gets older the possibilities of pleasure and achievement
 inevitably narrow. My eyesight and hearing is deteriorating, my joints
 stiffen. I shall probably never learn, now, to ski or to windsurf or to
 play a musical instrument or to speak a foreign language fluently. But
 there is no reason why I should not go on writing, perhaps even improving
 as a writer, into old age.
 
 67.  My desire to be a writer goes back a long way. The first serious
 notion of a career that I can recall was that of journalist, when I was
 about ten or eleven. Since my main interest in life then was sport, I
 had fantasies of being a sports journalist, and conscientiously practised
 writing reports of the professional football matches that I attended in
 South East London.
 
 68.  Creative or imaginative writing is usually valued above critical
 writing, and rightly so. It is more difficult to excel in it, it is
 riskier, it is more unpredictable. To write a novel is to fill a hole
 that nobody, including oneself, was aware of until the book came into
 existence.
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 69.  Economists speak of labour as being one of the“factors”of
 production, whose ( 1 ) effort is needed to make the things on which
 we live. The other“factors”are land, ( 2 ), and organization or
 management. Labour ( 3 ) all people who work for ( 4 ), as distinct
 from the owner or shareholders of business, who receive ( 5 ) or
 dividends. Labour is sometimes ( 6 ) as either“productive”or
“non-productive,”the former meaning people who work with their hands in
 ( 7 ) or workshops and the latter, those who work in shops or offices.
 But such a distinction is ( 8 ), for all workers, as ( 9 ) as the other
“factors”( 10 ) in production. A work-place cannot ( 11 ) without plans
 and records, and there must be shops to sell its ( 12 ).
 
  ア run     イ make    ウ many     エ well     オ wages
  カ share    キ unfair   ク output    ケ capital   コ profits
  サ combined  シ includes  ス factories  セ regarding  ソ classified
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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  イギリスの小説家で元バーミンガム大学英文科教授の David Lodge (1935-)
 のエッセイ“Why Do I Write?”(1986)。
 
 70.  First there was nothing there; then, a year or two (or three)
 later, there is something-a book, a whole little world of imagined
 people and their interlocking fortunes. When it is finished, it seems
 inconceivable that it should never have existed, yet when you (  ) it
 you could never have predicted how it would turn out, or even been
 certain that you would be able to finish it.
 
 ( )に適語を記せ。
                                     
 
 71.  One must be prepared to wait; to ponder, and re-read, and re-write
 what one has written, until one sees the way ahead that satisfies one's
 own criteria of coherence, complexity, authenticity. That is what makes
 writing such an exhausting and stressful process-and, when it comes
 out right, such an exhilarating one.
                                     
 
 
 72.  Because life began in the sea, all living beings are walking
 marine environments, and the appeal of the taste of salt for us is in
 our very physical nature. Biologically, historically, and even in our
 myths and rituals, (  ) is a paradox.
 
 ( )に適語を記し、下線部が述べていることを50字以内で説明せよ。
                                     
 
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 73.  Even writing the shortest book review entails the same process of
 risk, uncertainty, self-testing. And ( 1 ), certainly, is one reason ( 2 )
 I write, ( 3 ) it is not peculiar to writing. The same motive has made
 other men soldiers, politicians and mountaineers. Writing has the
 advantage over these other activities ( 4 ) its achievements are permanent.
 Texts are not merely remembered, they are recreated every time they are
 ( 5 ) by another. And there, I ( 6 ) to say, at the risk of seeming
 pretentious, is the ultimate reason for writing: the chance to ( 7 ) death,
 by leaving some ( 8 ) of oneself, ( 9 ) slight, behind.
     It is, of course, also pleasant to be ( 10 ), and rewarded,
 ( 11 ) one is still ( 12 ).
 
  ア why    イ defy   ウ read    エ that   オ alive   カ there
  キ trace   ク where   ケ which   コ while   サ accept  シ though
  ス however  セ venture  ソ evidence  タ recognized
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 74.  When the concentration of sodium ions in our body's fluids becomes
 too high, we feel the sensation of thirst. But amazingly, we also feel
 thirst if we do not take in (  ) sodium, one of the components of salt.
 Thus, apparently, too much as well as too little produces exactly the same
 effect on the human body!
 
 ( )に適語を記し、下線部が述べていることを30字以内で説明せよ。 
                                     
 
 75.  In this dispute the speakers fail to understand each other because
 they are using an important word in two different senses. The key word
 used in the conversation was“equal”.
     There can be no real argument concerning equality if that key word
 means one thing to one person and something (  ) to the other.
 
 ( )に適語を記し、下線部全体を和訳せよ。
                                     
 
 76.  Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually
 takes to produce spontaneous reading. This is a great disadvantage to
 the student writer, who sees only a finished product and never watches
 the craftsman who takes the necessary step back, studies the work
 carefully, and returns to the task.
                                     
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 77.  How we choose to ( 1 ) things may seem to be a ( 2 ) matter, ( 3 )
 its implications can be very ( 4 ). For when ( 5 ) powerful group of
 people classifies another ( 6 ) powerful group as either inferior, or,
 even worse, not quite ( 7 ) at all, the ( 8 ) can be deadly. We ( 9 )
 need to look at ( 10 ) happened to the American Indians in the nineteenth
 century, or to the European Jews in the twentieth century to see what
 horrible disasters can result ( 11 ) classifying human beings into ( 12 ).
 
   ア in   イ but  ウ one   エ from  オ more   カ less  キ only
   ク weak  ケ what  コ human  サ never  シ groups  ス result セ serious
   ソ trivial  タ classify
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 78.  Human beings are more alike than unalike, and what is true anywhere
 is true everywhere, yet I encourage travel to as (  ) destinations as
 possible for the sake of education as well as pleasure.
 
 ( )に適語を記し全訳せよ。
                                     
 
 79.  Just as a person who has misconceptions of great (  ) runs into
 trouble by spending recklessly, so does a person who is intellectually
 gifted but fails to use these skills.
 
 ( )に適語を選び、全訳せよ。
  イ wealth ロ poverty ハ importance ニ misery
                                     
 
 80.  The critical need is to learn as much as we can, so we don't get
 too many surprises-undesired effects that we (  ) thought of.
 
 ( )に適語を記し全訳せよ。
                                     
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 81.  We are all familiar ( 1 ) the effect of human thought and activity
 ( 2 ) the landscapes in which human beings ( 3 ). Human beings ( 4 ) the
 land around them ( 5 ) a way and on a scale ( 6 ), ( 7 ) the most part, by
 no other ( 8 ). The land around us is a ( 9 ), not only ( 10 ) our
 practical and technological capacities, but ( 11 ) of our culture and
 society-of our very needs, our hopes, our ( 12 ) and earnest desires.
 
   ア in   イ on   ウ of   エ to   オ for   カ also   キ give
   ク with  ケ dwell  コ place   サ people  シ change  ス animals
   セ matched  ソ consist   タ reflection   チ preoccupations
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 ( )に適語を記し全訳せよ。
 
 82.  The water is valuable because plants and animals can do things
 with water that they cannot do with oxygen and hydrogen gas (  ).
                                     
 
 83.  Exactly what constitutes a national park (  ) according to the
 nations and people involved. The dedication of an area as a national
 park is everywhere a highly restrictive form of land use, in which all
 improper activities are prohibited.
                                     
 
 84.  In modern society formal education supplements the family's
 role in socializing the young. The (  ) of contemporary societies
 requires more specialized training for the young than can generally be
 provided solely by the family. This training requires specialists who
 have the necessary technical knowledge and can transmit that knowledge
 to the inexperienced.
                                     
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 85.  National parks, at a ( 1 ), require equally ( 2 ) boundary
 marking and perhaps policing and patrolling as are necessary for strict
 nature reserves. They also require the careful ( 3 ) of trails, roads,
 and other ( 4 ) of human access in ( 5 ) to channel the activities of
 visitors ( 6 ) ways that will not ( 7 ) the resources or landscapes.
 ( 8 ) only must certain ( 9 ) areas be set aside and protected from
 visitors, but visitor use must be ( 10 ) in those places in ( 11 )
 human activities will do a minimum of ( 12 ).
 
  ア if  イ in  ウ not  エ way  オ harm  カ means  キ order  ク which
  ケ damage  コ moment  サ profit  シ fragile  ス minimum  セ allowed
  ソ intensive  タ planning  チ extensive  ツ concentrated
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
 目次に戻る   ホームへ戻る
 
 
 ( )に適語を記し全訳せよ。
 
 86.  We not only have no idea when language began; we do not even have
 an idea of (  ) the earlier stages of language might have been like.
                                     
 
 87.  In many businesses and in places such as hospitals, the cost of
 housing the written records on which the organization (  ) has risen
 to the point where it is greater than the cost of employing the people
 who use the (  ).
                                     
 
 88.  As the population keeps increasing, sooner or later the day must
 come when neither food nor space is (  ), for the simple reason that
 both are limited whereas population is potentially (  ).
                                     
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 89.  The various ( 1 ) of animal life have evolved ( 2 ) an immense
 period of time by natural ( 3 ), through ( 4 ) they have become
 differentiated by ( 5 ) themselves, ( 6 ) varying degrees of success,
 ( 7 ) different environments and to ( 8 ) changes of environment. ( 9 )
 only do climatic conditions ( 10 ) in different parts of the earth, but
 in all parts they have ( 11 ) a long series of more or less ( 12 )
 changes.
 
  ア to  イ and  ウ not  エ over  オ time  カ with  キ forms  ク which
  ケ differ  コ changed  サ adopting  シ adapting  ス profound
  セ selection  ソ undergone  タ successive  チ superficial
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
 
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 ( )に適語を記し全訳せよ。
 
 90.  It must be obvious to all thinking people that there is only one
 way to prevent a catastrophe which probably would mean the end of the
 human race: since we cannot increase the size of the earth, the only
 alternative is that we voluntarily (  ) our numbers to an extent
 which is in (  ) with existing means of life.
                                     
 
 91.  No (  ) the greatest single leap in human prehistory was the one
 we made from being helpless prey to becoming formidable predators of other
 living creatures, including, eventually, the ones with claws.
                                     
 
 92.  There seems to be no good reason whatever for the statement that
 there are certain people whose vocabulary is so limited that they cannot
 get on (  ) the supplementary use of gesture so that intelligible
 communication between members of such a group becomes impossible in the
 dark.
                                     
 
 
  各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。
 
 93.  The ( 1 ) with which the Japanese adopt foreign customs while ( 2 )
 their own, ( 3 ) of whether ( 4 ) is abandoned is worth preserving, ( 5 )
 the impression ( 6 ) they are terribly ( 7 ) and careless about their
 destiny. The rapidity with which they can give up what was recently ( 8 )
 suggests their coolness ( 9 ) dealing with foreign cultures-a coolness
 that seems to hide ( 10 ) the exterior of change the ( 11 ) of their own
 ( 12 ).
 
  ア in   イ of   ウ on   エ ease   オ that   カ what   キ wise
  ク gives  ケ naive  コ which  サ beneath  シ culture  ス adopted
  セ getting  ソ according  タ constancy  チ abandoning  ツ irrespective
 
  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8.   9.  10.  
 
 11.  12.  
 
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          提出は前日まで。当日の場合は   時まで。遅刻は認めない。
 
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  提出用ノート   
          提出は前日まで。当日の場合は   時まで。遅刻は認めない。
 
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