大学入試　厳選　英文読解　　　　NRZ00Z3E

　

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　 1.　　Having all your mental systems on full alert for a long time is

　exhausting.

　

　 2.　　One positive step people may take to preserve a certain way of life

　is the establishment of a government.　　　

　

　 3.　　The problem in determining the answer to questions concerning the

　origin and evolution of human language is that we have so little solid

　evidence on which to base any claims.

　

　 4.　　In 1776 Mozart wrote,“We live in this world to compel ourselves

　industriously to enlighten one another by means of reasoning and to apply

　ourselves always to carrying forward the sciences and the arts.”

　

　 5.　　In the beginning, we humans did not settle away from each other.

　We did not keep to ourselves or to lonely, outer borders.　We were curious,

　drawn to one another, comforted by our similarities and inspired by our

　differences.　We are still that way, I think.

　

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　 6.　　We tend to see ourselves as others see us and, thus, to make

　judgements about our conduct through the eyes of other persons.

　

　 7.　　Of course, it is always possible to finish a novel in the purely

　formal sense, to bring its narrative sequence to some kind of conclusion.

　And always, as one writes, there is the temptation to hurry the book to

　its end to relieve the suspense about one's ability to finish it.

　

　 8.　　Some of the children were scratched launching cats, but it was

　such a pleasure to be throwing cats around without being scolded for it

　that they forgot their wounds.　In the end, Bell had to admit that a cat

　can right itself in mid-air.

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　 9.　　We are ( 1 ) able to see those who are very close ( 2 ) us as they

　really are because ( 3 ) our readiness to accept their faults and ( 4 )

　their virtues.　The ( 5 ) is equally true when we ( 6 ) to look at

　ourselves.　It is very difficult ( 7 ) anybody to be ( 8 ) about his own

　character.　Yet ( 9 ) is very good for us to try to be so ( 10 ) time to

　time.

　

　　ｱ it　　　　ｲ of　　　　　 ｳ to　　　　　 ｴ for　　　 ｵ come

　　ｶ from　　　ｷ same　　　　 ｸ about　　　　ｹ become　　ｺ reason

　　ｻ rarely　　ｼ emphasise　　ｽ objective　　ｾ subjective

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　10.　　So far from admiring their parents and wishing to become like them,

　one side of their nature hates them and wishes to avoid having anything to

　do with them.

　

　11.　　No species of animal can ever be perfectly adapted to its

　environment, because the environment changes; and a species which has

　adapted itself exceptionally well to the conditions of a given period may

　later be made unfit for that very reason, while other species, less highly

　specialised, increase and multiply.

　

　12.　　Memories are our most enduring characteristic.　In old age we can

　remember our childhood eighty or more years ago; a chance remark can

　conjure up a face, a name, a vision of sea or mountains once seen and

　apparently long forgotten.　Memory defines who we are and shapes the

　way we act more closely than any other single aspect of our personhood.

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　13.　　Writers ( 1 ) their own drafts are aware ( 2 ) audience.　They

　( 3 ) themselves in the reader's situation and ( 4 ) sure that they ( 5 )

　information which a reader wants to know or needs to know ( 6 ) a manner

　which is easily digested.　Writers ( 7 ) to be sure that they ( 8 )

　and answer the questions a critical reader will ask ( 9 ) reading the

　( 10 ) of writing.

　

　　 ｱ if　　　　ｲ in　　　　 ｳ to　　　　 ｴ of　　　　　　ｵ put

　　 ｶ try　　　 ｷ make　　　 ｸ when　　　 ｹ piece　　　　 ｺ create

　　 ｻ drafts　　ｼ reading　　ｽ deliver　　ｾ anticipate　　ｿ participate

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　14.　　Since basic language and mathematical skills are indispensable

　to modern society, they are an integral part of the school curriculum.

　Today's rapidly changing knowledge base mandates that schools not only

　provide students with the basic facts but also teach them how to continue

　learning so as to adapt to change.　Teaching how to think is a fundamental

　part of the educational system.

　

　15.　　By its nature, the expensive habit is not only physically

　gratifying but also beyond the financial reach of all but a fortunate

　few, thus making it a treat for the mind as well as the body.

　

　16.　　The fantastic economic growth made possible by modern science has

　a dark side, for it has led to severe environmental damage to many parts

　of the planet, and raised the possibility of an eventual global ecological

　catastrophe.

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　17.　　To guard against ( 1 ) to human well-being, we must make certain

　that we have ( 2 ) systems of ( 3 ) in place to ( 4 ) that future

　scientific progress is safe, ethical and environmentally ( 5 ).　Openness

　in ( 6 ) the meanings and possible ( 7 ) of scientific ( 8 ) is ( 9 )

　essential, both in government ( 10 ) and in the scientific community.

　

　　 ｱ sound　　　ｲ ensure　　 ｳ hardly　　　ｴ ignore　　　 ｵ policy

　　 ｶ reason　　 ｷ threats　　ｸ advances　　ｹ effective　　ｺ absolutely

　　 ｻ explaining　 ｼ regulation　　 ｽ departments　　 ｾ consequences

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　18.　　It is generally assumed that the most important function language

　performs is the communication of information.　Written language has

　permitted the development of diverse cultures; it makes it possible to

　transfer information so that people may utilize the knowledge of their

　ancestors and other people in different cultures.

　

　19.　　Only later did I learn how something seen from the viewpoint of

　one's own culture can have an entirely different meaning when looked at

　from a foreign culture's point of view.

　

　20.　　Many people take sleep so much for granted that they hardly ever

　stop to reflect on its origin and meaning.　Only when it is disturbed

　does sleep become a subject of conscious thought and a problem.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　21.　　Science and technology have ( 1 ) our lives over the past 150

　years.　And there is every ( 2 ), given the correct ( 3 ) framework,

　that they will do the same over the next 150.　The ( 4 ) of scientific

　knowledge has ( 5 ) us to control some of the risks of life and ( 6 )

　some of its worst ( 7 ).　In ( 8 ), advances in medical science have

　( 9 ) the threat of a great variety of ( 10 ).

　

　　 ｱ evils　　　 ｲ emerge　　　ｳ growth　　　ｴ allowed　　 ｵ reduced

　　 ｶ approved　　ｷ prevents　　ｸ diseases　　ｹ improved　　ｺ eliminate

　　 ｻ particular　　 ｼ regulatory　　 ｽ possibility　　 ｾ particularly

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　22.　　Not only does our technology provide us with an enormous expansion

　of the scope of our physical selves, but it also expands our mental

　capabilities by greatly improving upon our abilities to perform many

　routine tasks.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　23.　　If we are to build an environmentally sustainable economy, we have

　to go beyond traditional economic indicators of progress.　If we put a

　computer in every home in the next century but also wipe out half of the

　world's plant and animal species, that would hardly be an economic success.

　

　24.　　All learning implies memory.　If we remembered nothing from our

　experiences we could learn nothing.　Life would consist of momentary

　experiences that had little relation to one another.　We could not even

　carry on a simple conversation.　To communicate, you must (　　 ) the

　thought you want to express as well as what has just been said to you.

　

　(　)に適語を記し全訳せよ。

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　25.　　I do not ( 1 ) to suggest that simply ( 2 ) a foreign tongue ( 3 )

　to one's understanding of that language.　I ( 4 ) know, however, that

　being ( 5 ) to the existence of other languages ( 6 ) the perception

　that the world is ( 7 ) by people who not only ( 8 ) differently from

　oneself but ( 9 ) cultures and philosophies ( 10 ) other than one's own.

　

　　 ｱ do　　　　 ｲ are　　　　ｳ mean　　　　ｴ mind　　　　ｵ tell

　　 ｶ adds　　　 ｷ speak　　　ｸ which　　　 ｹ whose　　　 ｺ exposed

　　 ｻ exposing　 ｼ decrease　 ｽ increases　 ｾ populated　 ｿ overhearing

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　26.　　We will never run out of things to discover−an encouraging fact

　since the process of discovery is the driving force of economic growth.

　If we ever reached a point at which there were no new discoveries, then

　resource scarcity would bring economic progress to a halt.

　

　27.　　Communications technology itself is neutral.　If television and

　instant global communications had existed in the 1930s, they would have

　been used to great effect by Nazi propagandists to promote fascist rather

　than democratic ideas.

　

　28.　　We not only tend to avoid people who make us feel guilty, we also

　tend to“project”our own feelings of guilt, so that the victim becomes

　transformed into an accuser whom we then hate for accusing us.　It is a

　well-known psychological mechanism in unhappy marriages, and it can

　equally well color relationships between nations and peoples.　

　

　　下線部Itの内容を８０字以内で述べよ。

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　29.　　One reason we ( 1 ) so often on ( 2 ) to ( 3 ) the line is because

　( 4 ) are so many different ways to ( 5 ) objects and images.　Thus, we

　usually classify them in ( 6 ) of how they ( 7 ) and serve our individual

　or cultural ( 8 ).　An individual horse, for example, can be ( 9 ) in

　quite a number of ways that are not all ( 10 ) biologically based.

　

　 ｱ draw　　　　ｲ terms　　　　ｳ they　　　　 ｴ there　　　　ｵ which

　 ｶ where　　　 ｷ affect　　　 ｸ effect　　　 ｹ interest　　 ｺ disagree

　 ｻ cooperate　 ｼ accordance　 ｽ categorize　 ｾ classified　 ｿ necessarily

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　30.　　It was not until the formation of a U.S. agency in charge of

　national parks in 1916 that the concept of managing parks so as to

　maintain their natural qualities was accepted.

　

　31.　　　It's not what happens to you in life, but how you deal with it,

　that makes you a survivor and a winner.　It's that ability to adapt and

　even to thrive while shedding one skin for another that keeps our minds

　supple and our souls vital.　It makes us interesting to be around, gives

　us energy and purpose.

　

　32.　　We believe ourselves to represent the pinnacle of intelligence

　in the animal kingdom.　But this intelligence seems sadly inadequate to

　handle many of the problems that our own society continues to confront

　us with.　　　　　　　　　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　33.　　Almost all mechanical ( 1 ) on earth, from clocks to

　hydroelectric dams, rely on ( 2 ) for their operation.　So does life.

　Gravity ( 3 ) our height and shape and keeps us from falling off the

　( 4 ) of the earth. “We are children of gravity,”says a ( 5 )

　scientist. “As we age, we reach a point when we begin to ( 6 ) to it.

　Sagging skin and ( 7 ), arthritis, failing hearts ― these all come

　from the lost ( 8 ) against gravity.　Gravity guided the evolutionary

　( 9 ) of every plant and animal species and has ( 10 ) the size and

　shape of our bodies.”

　

　　 ｱ blood　　　 ｲ climb　　　 ｳ yield　　　　ｴ battle　　　ｵ organs

　　 ｶ people　　　ｷ destiny　　 ｸ devices　　　ｹ governs　　 ｺ gravity

　　 ｻ medical　　 ｼ surface　　 ｽ dictated　　 ｾ diminished

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　34.　　People who obey the rules will act in a way that helps, or at least,

　does not harm, society.　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　35.　　Some social critics believe that television has come to dominate

　family life because today's parents are too selfish to take time and

　effort that reading aloud or playing games or even just talking to each

　other would require.　　　　　　　　　

　

　36.　　In a society in which obesity is the principal nutritional disease,

　one easily forgets the horrible things that lack of food and drink can do

　to the human body.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　37.　　Americans take it ( 1 ) granted that a private enterprise system

　should be ( 2 ).　We ( 3 ) competition to be the principal ( 4 )

　by ( 5 ) the public interest is protected, and consequently we think it

　a ( 6 ) function of the State to ( 7 ) to it that competition is kept

　( 8 ).　It is ( 9 ) this end that we protect competition ( 10 ) law.

　

　　 ｱ by　　　 ｲ to　　　　 ｳ for　　　　　 ｴ see　　　 ｵ major

　　 ｶ minor　　ｷ enjoy　　　ｹ which　　　　 ｸ means　　 ｺ expect

　　 ｻ stable　 ｼ vigorous　 ｽ competition　 ｾ competitive

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　38.　　In our own century we have experienced on the one hand two

　devastating world wars, and on the other, an enormous growth in knowledge

　of other cultures resulting in a general acceptance of cultural diversity.

　All this has shaken the common confidence with which people once thought

　they knew what they ought to believe about how the world worked, what our

　place was in the world, and what kinds of conduct were acceptable and what

　were not.

　

　39.　　A system of government that merely grants the general public the

　opportunity to accept decisions taken by the elite groups that dominate

　the society can hardly be termed a democracy.

　

　40.　　Various human abilities and qualities can be achieved only in

　an environment in which they can flourish.　They cannot be taught by

　forceful means.　What is true of physical growth is also quite generally

　true of human maturation and learning.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　41.　　Here is a great argument in ( 1 ) of foreign travel and learning

　foreign languages.　It is only by travelling in, or living in, a country

　and getting to know its ( 2 ) and their language, ( 3 ) one can find

　out ( 4 ) a country and its people are really like.　And ( 5 ) different

　the knowledge one ( 6 ) this way frequently ( 7 ) out to be from the

　second-hand information ( 8 ) from other sources!　How often we find

　that the foreigners ( 9 ) we thought to be such different people from

　ourselves are not so very different ( 10 ) all!

　

　　 ｱ of　　　　ｲ get　　　 ｳ how　　　　ｴ that　　　　ｵ what

　　 ｶ whom　　　ｷ after　　 ｸ gains　　　ｹ which　　　 ｺ turns

　　 ｻ favour　　ｼ charge　　ｽ getting　　ｾ gathered　　ｿ inhabitants

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　42.　　To be sure, the fact that children are likely to choose watching

　television over having a story read aloud to them, or playing with a

　stamp collection, or going out for a walk in the park does not mean that

　watching television is actually more entertaining or gratifying than any

　of these activities.　It does mean, however, that watching television is

　easier.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　43.　　The confidence of earlier world views has been shaken by various

　historical developments; however, the philosophical issue concerns whether,

　despite all that, it is still correct to assume that certain common

　beliefs are absolute.　That is to say, we still hold on to the idea that

　in many different areas of human inquiry, whether in science, art,

　morality or religion, there is such a thing as ultimate truth.

　

　44.　　At the age of fifty, and with a dozen or so books published, it

　does not seem tautologous to say that I write because I am a writer.　To

　stop writing, not to write, is now unthinkable−or perhaps it is the

　secret fear to assuage which one goes on writing.　My sense of my own

　identity is so intimately connected with my writing that if I ceased to

　write I should become, in Orwellian language, an unperson to myself.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　45.　　Every ( 1 ) of animal, our own included, must ( 2 ) a way of

　life that makes the ( 3 ) of life available.　The ( 4 ) adopted by the

　tiger to ( 5 ) that it gets what it needs to maintain life and ( 6 )

　itself is ( 7 ): a certain area within which it can hunt, eat, sleep,

　drink, mate and ( 8 ) young.　Except for mothers rearing cubs, tigers are

　( 9 ) animals; they do not live ( 10 ) groups like lions.

　

　　 ｱ in　　　　 ｲ rear　　　 ｳ rise　　　　ｴ rule　　　　ｵ with

　　 ｶ basics　　 ｷ ensure　　 ｸ nature　　　ｹ secure　　　ｺ species

　　 ｻ strategy　 ｼ solitary　 ｽ establish　 ｾ reproduce　 ｿ territory

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　

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　46.　　Are we really much happier in our modern technological world with

　all its newfound knowledge than our ancestors who knew nothing of these

　things?

　

　47.　　 More and more psychological researchers seem to be suggesting

　one unexpected theory: parents do not have nearly as much influence over

　their children as we both hope and fear they have.

　

　48.　　If an extremely suspicious person believes that the FBI is spying

　on and persecuting him, no amount of logical argument will dissuade him.

　His convictions are as firm as the Rock of Gibraltar.　A conviction about

　oneself may contradict the facts, but the person who has come to think of

　himself as inferior is as unimpressed by facts as is the overly suspicious.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　49.　　One of the first steps in ( 1 ) progress is to ( 2 ) that our

　generation is the first whose actions can ( 3 ) the habitability of the

　planet for future generations.　We have ( 4 ) this capacity not by ( 5 )

　design but as a ( 6 ) of a global economy that is outgrowing its

　environmental support systems.　In ( 7 ), we have acquired the capacity

　to ( 8 ) the Earth's natural systems but have refused to ( 9 )

　responsibility for doing so.　We live in a world that is overly ( 10 )

　with the present.　( 11 ) on quarterly profit-and-loss statements, we are

　( 12 ) as though we had no children.　In short, we have lost our sense of

　responsibility to future generations.

　

　　ｱ deny　　　　ｲ find　　　　ｳ alter　　　 ｴ affect　　　 ｵ effect

　　ｶ accept　　　ｷ focused　　 ｸ acquired　　ｹ required　　 ｺ behaving

　　ｻ conscious　 ｼ recognize　 ｽ concerned　 ｾ redefining　 ｿ consequence

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　50.　　A less-talented person may make a satisfactory adjustment to his

　limited capacities, while a person of much greater capacities who thinks

　he is defective may make a less satisfactory adaptation to life.

　

　51.　　The pleasure of a story lies not only in the satisfaction that can

　be derived from a completed tale, but in the process of the telling itself,

　in (　　) the tale is told.

　

　(　)に適語を記せ。

　

　

　52.　　It is not surprising that so many people like to read biographies,

　for they are a kind of window into a man's life; the better the biography

　the larger and clearer the window.　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　53.　 Now we ( 1 ) to take our good health for ( 2 ), but we should

　remember how ( 3 ) death at an early age would have been in the

　pre-industrial era, and that the ( 4 ) why that is no ( 5 ) so is

　mostly ( 6 ) to advances in science.　As the historian J. H. Plumb once

　commented:‘No one in his senses would choose to have been ( 7 ) in a

　previous age ( 8 ) he could be certain that he would have been born

　into a ( 9 ) family, that he would have enjoyed ( 10 ) good

　health, and that he would have ( 11 ) stoically the death of the

　( 12 ) of his children.’

　

　　 ｱ few　　　 ｲ due　　　　ｳ born　　　 ｴ rare　　　　ｵ tend

　　 ｶ common　　ｷ longer　　 ｸ reason　　 ｹ unless　　　ｺ granted

　　 ｻ whether　 ｼ accepted　 ｽ majority　 ｾ extremely　 ｿ prosperous

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　54.　　No observation is more common than that of the child separated for

　a few weeks or months during the second or third year failing to recognize

　his mother on reunion.

　

　55.　　Plants are, in many ways, much more successful organisms than

　animals.　They were the first to colonise the land on this planet.　Even

　today, they can thrive in places where no animal can exist for any length

　of time.　They grow much bigger than any animal and they live much longer.

　And animals are totally dependent upon them.

　

　56.　　Justice was bought and sold, denied and delayed as much in

　England after Magna Carta as before it, because winning in court was

　more important to people than some abstract idea of justice.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　57.　 I am not ( 1 ) for the mindless ( 2 ) of scientific change; I am

　arguing against a mindless ( 3 ) to it.　Our lives in the coming century

　will ( 4 ) be changed by the ( 5 ) taking place in almost all scientific

　fields.　However, it is only the ( 6 ) of a properly ( 7 ) scientific

　framework that will ( 8 ) that these developments are put to use for our

　( 9 ) good.　We cannot turn away from ( 10 ), but we can ( 11 ) it and

　guide it in such a way that people in all countries may enjoy its ( 12 ).

　

　 ｱ ensure　　　 ｲ arguing　　　ｳ certain　　　ｴ pursuit　　　ｵ telling

　 ｶ progress　　 ｷ encourage　　ｸ existence　　ｹ regulated　　ｺ problems

　 ｻ advantages　 ｼ inevitably　 ｽ opposition　 ｾ collective　 ｿ revolutions

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　58.　　Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the

　normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or

　different from it.　And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the

　way of life of other countries is often a distorted one.

　

　59.　　That a man's business, be it of any kind, must be done, and done

　promptly, is a truth acknowledged universally, though sadly not always

　universally followed.

　

　60.　　Differences between peoples do, of course, exist and, one hopes,

　will always continue to do so.　The world will be a dull place indeed when

　all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people

　might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs.　With

　almost the whole of Western Europe belonging to the European Union and

　the increasing standardization that this entails, plus the much greater

　rapidity and ease of travel, there might seem some truth in this−at

　least as far as Europe is concerned.　However this may be, at least the

　greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before

　that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of

　animal from themselves.

　

　　下線部thisの内容を５０字以内の日本語で述べよ。　　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　61.　　What is ( 1 ) about modern obesity is that it ( 2 ), ( 3 ) the

　contempt in ( 4 ) fat people are held, despite ( 5 ) efforts to educate

　the public about the link between obesity and heart ( 6 ), and despite the

　booming diet and fitness ( 7 ).　The fact ( 8 ) half of Western adults are

　dieting suggests that the foodstat is not very ( 9 ).　The ( 10 ) is

　clear: for most of human ( 11 ), this was not ( 12 ) kept us from becoming

　overweight.　It was lack of food.

　

　　 ｱ that　　　 ｲ what　　　　ｳ which　　　 ｴ effect　　　 ｵ reason

　　 ｶ disease　　ｷ despite　　 ｸ intense　　 ｹ insists　　　ｺ inspite

　　 ｻ persists　 ｼ effective　 ｽ existence　 ｾ industries　 ｿ remarkable

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　62.　　This view of the future, fueled by exciting advances in technology,

　is particularly common in the information industry.　It reflects a new

　conception of the human species, one in which human societies are seen as

　free of dependence on the natural world.　Our information-based economy is

　thought capable of evolving independently of the Earth's ecosystem.

　

　63.　　Our senses have been vastly extended by our technology, both

　ancient and modern.　Our sight has been aided and enormously increased

　in power by spectacles, mirrors, telescopes, microscopes of all kinds,

　and by video-cameras, television, and the like.　　　

　

　64.　　In most families, television is always there as an easy and safe

　competitor.　When another activity is proposed, it had better be really

　special; otherwise it is in danger of being rejected.　The parents who

　have unsuccessfully proposed a game or a story end up feeling rejected

　as well.　They are unaware that television is still affecting their

　children's enjoyment of other activities, even when the set is off.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　65.　　None of the goods and services that people want can be ( 1 )

　without ( 2 ), and the standard of living of a nation ( 3 ) very much

　on the quality and ( 4 ) of the people who work−in other words, on

　its labour ( 5 ).　An increase in the population will mean, of course, an

　( 6 ) in the total number of workers; but, as the goods and services

　which they want will also increase, a ( 7 ) increase in the population

　does not ( 8 ) make the ( 9 ) citizen any better off.　What is much more

　important is how many people in a country ( 10 ) useful work as ( 11 )

　with those who do ( 12 ) or no work.

　

　　ｱ mere　　　 ｲ only　　　 ｳ rely　　　 ｴ force　　　ｵ little

　　ｶ labour　　 ｷ average　　ｸ depends　　ｹ perform　　ｺ compared

　　ｻ decrease　 ｼ increase　 ｽ produced　 ｾ quantity　 ｿ necessarily

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　 イギリスの小説家で元バーミンガム大学英文科教授の David Lodge (1935−)

　のエッセイ“Why Do I Write?”(1986)。

　

　66.　　As one gets older the possibilities of pleasure and achievement

　inevitably narrow.　My eyesight and hearing is deteriorating, my joints

　stiffen.　I shall probably never learn, now, to ski or to windsurf or to

　play a musical instrument or to speak a foreign language fluently.　But

　there is no reason why I should not go on writing, perhaps even improving

　as a writer, into old age.

　

　67.　　My desire to be a writer goes back a long way.　The first serious

　notion of a career that I can recall was that of journalist, when I was

　about ten or eleven.　Since my main interest in life then was sport, I

　had fantasies of being a sports journalist, and conscientiously practised

　writing reports of the professional football matches that I attended in

　South East London.

　

　68.　　Creative or imaginative writing is usually valued above critical

　writing, and rightly so.　It is more difficult to excel in it, it is

　riskier, it is more unpredictable.　To write a novel is to fill a hole

　that nobody, including oneself, was aware of until the book came into

　existence.

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　69.　　Economists speak of labour as being one of the“factors”of

　production, whose ( 1 ) effort is needed to make the things on which

　we live.　The other“factors”are land, ( 2 ), and organization or

　management.　Labour ( 3 ) all people who work for ( 4 ), as distinct

　from the owner or shareholders of business, who receive ( 5 ) or

　dividends.　Labour is sometimes ( 6 ) as either“productive”or

“non-productive,”the former meaning people who work with their hands in

　( 7 ) or workshops and the latter, those who work in shops or offices.

　But such a distinction is ( 8 ), for all workers, as ( 9 ) as the other

“factors”( 10 ) in production.　A work-place cannot ( 11 ) without plans

　and records, and there must be shops to sell its ( 12 ).

　

　　ｱ run　　　　 ｲ make　　　　ｳ many　　　　 ｴ well　　　　 ｵ wages

　　ｶ share　　　 ｷ unfair　　　ｸ output　　　 ｹ capital　　　ｺ profits

　　ｻ combined　　ｼ includes　　ｽ factories　　ｾ regarding　　ｿ classified

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　 イギリスの小説家で元バーミンガム大学英文科教授の David Lodge (1935−)

　のエッセイ“Why Do I Write?”(1986)。

　

　70.　　First there was nothing there; then, a year or two (or three)

　later, there is something−a book, a whole little world of imagined

　people and their interlocking fortunes.　When it is finished, it seems

　inconceivable that it should never have existed, yet when you (　　) it

　you could never have predicted how it would turn out, or even been

　certain that you would be able to finish it.

　

　(　)に適語を記せ。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　71.　　One must be prepared to wait; to ponder, and re-read, and re-write

　what one has written, until one sees the way ahead that satisfies one's

　own criteria of coherence, complexity, authenticity.　That is what makes

　writing such an exhausting and stressful process−and, when it comes

　out right, such an exhilarating one.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　

　72.　　Because life began in the sea, all living beings are walking

　marine environments, and the appeal of the taste of salt for us is in

　our very physical nature.　Biologically, historically, and even in our

　myths and rituals, (　　) is a paradox.

　

　(　)に適語を記し、下線部が述べていることを５０字以内で説明せよ。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　73.　　Even writing the shortest book review entails the same process of

　risk, uncertainty, self-testing.　And ( 1 ), certainly, is one reason ( 2 )

　I write, ( 3 ) it is not peculiar to writing.　The same motive has made

　other men soldiers, politicians and mountaineers.　Writing has the

　advantage over these other activities ( 4 ) its achievements are permanent.

　Texts are not merely remembered, they are recreated every time they are

　( 5 ) by another.　And there, I ( 6 ) to say, at the risk of seeming

　pretentious, is the ultimate reason for writing: the chance to ( 7 ) death,

　by leaving some ( 8 ) of oneself, ( 9 ) slight, behind.

　　　　 It is, of course, also pleasant to be ( 10 ), and rewarded,

　( 11 ) one is still ( 12 ).

　

　 ｱ why　　　　ｲ defy　　　ｳ read　　　 ｴ that　　　ｵ alive　　 ｶ there

　 ｷ trace　　　ｸ where　　 ｹ which　　　ｺ while　　 ｻ accept　　ｼ though

　 ｽ however　　ｾ venture　 ｿ evidence　 ﾀ recognized

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　74.　　When the concentration of sodium ions in our body's fluids becomes

　too high, we feel the sensation of thirst.　But amazingly, we also feel

　thirst if we do not take in (　　) sodium, one of the components of salt.

　Thus, apparently, too much as well as too little produces exactly the same

　effect on the human body!

　

　(　)に適語を記し、下線部が述べていることを３０字以内で説明せよ。　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　75.　　In this dispute the speakers fail to understand each other because

　they are using an important word in two different senses.　The key word

　used in the conversation was“equal”.

　　　　 There can be no real argument concerning equality if that key word

　means one thing to one person and something (　　) to the other.

　

　(　)に適語を記し、下線部全体を和訳せよ。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　76.　　Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually

　takes to produce spontaneous reading.　This is a great disadvantage to

　the student writer, who sees only a finished product and never watches

　the craftsman who takes the necessary step back, studies the work

　carefully, and returns to the task.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　77.　　How we choose to ( 1 ) things may seem to be a ( 2 ) matter, ( 3 )

　its implications can be very ( 4 ).　For when ( 5 ) powerful group of

　people classifies another ( 6 ) powerful group as either inferior, or,

　even worse, not quite ( 7 ) at all, the ( 8 ) can be deadly.　We ( 9 )

　need to look at ( 10 ) happened to the American Indians in the nineteenth

　century, or to the European Jews in the twentieth century to see what

　horrible disasters can result ( 11 ) classifying human beings into ( 12 ).

　

　　　ｱ in　　 ｲ but　　ｳ one　　 ｴ from　　ｵ more　　 ｶ less　　ｷ only

　　　ｸ weak　 ｹ what　 ｺ human　 ｻ never　 ｼ groups　 ｽ result　ｾ serious

　　　ｿ trivial　 ﾀ classify

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　78.　　Human beings are more alike than unalike, and what is true anywhere

　is true everywhere, yet I encourage travel to as (　 ) destinations as

　possible for the sake of education as well as pleasure.

　

　(　)に適語を記し全訳せよ。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　79.　　Just as a person who has misconceptions of great (　 ) runs into

　trouble by spending recklessly, so does a person who is intellectually

　gifted but fails to use these skills.

　

　(　)に適語を選び、全訳せよ。

　　ｲ wealth　ﾛ poverty　ﾊ importance　ﾆ misery

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　80.　　The critical need is to learn as much as we can, so we don't get

　too many surprises−undesired effects that we (　　) thought of.

　

　(　)に適語を記し全訳せよ。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　81.　　We are all familiar ( 1 ) the effect of human thought and activity

　( 2 ) the landscapes in which human beings ( 3 ).　Human beings ( 4 ) the

　land around them ( 5 ) a way and on a scale ( 6 ), ( 7 ) the most part, by

　no other ( 8 ).　The land around us is a ( 9 ), not only ( 10 ) our

　practical and technological capacities, but ( 11 ) of our culture and

　society−of our very needs, our hopes, our ( 12 ) and earnest desires.

　

　　 ｱ in　　 ｲ on　　 ｳ of　　 ｴ to　　 ｵ for　　 ｶ also　　 ｷ give

　　 ｸ with　　ｹ dwell　　ｺ place　　 ｻ people　　ｼ change　　ｽ animals

　　 ｾ matched　　ｿ consist　　 ﾀ reflection　　 ﾁ preoccupations

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　(　)に適語を記し全訳せよ。

　

　82.　　The water is valuable because plants and animals can do things

　with water that they cannot do with oxygen and hydrogen gas (　　).

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　83.　　Exactly what constitutes a national park (　　) according to the

　nations and people involved.　The dedication of an area as a national

　park is everywhere a highly restrictive form of land use, in which all

　improper activities are prohibited.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　84.　　In modern society formal education supplements the family's

　role in socializing the young.　The (　　) of contemporary societies

　requires more specialized training for the young than can generally be

　provided solely by the family.　This training requires specialists who

　have the necessary technical knowledge and can transmit that knowledge

　to the inexperienced.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　85.　　National parks, at a ( 1 ), require equally ( 2 ) boundary

　marking and perhaps policing and patrolling as are necessary for strict

　nature reserves.　They also require the careful ( 3 ) of trails, roads,

　and other ( 4 ) of human access in ( 5 ) to channel the activities of

　visitors ( 6 ) ways that will not ( 7 ) the resources or landscapes.

　( 8 ) only must certain ( 9 ) areas be set aside and protected from

　visitors, but visitor use must be ( 10 ) in those places in ( 11 )

　human activities will do a minimum of ( 12 ).

　

　 ｱ if　 ｲ in　 ｳ not　 ｴ way　 ｵ harm　 ｶ means　 ｷ order　 ｸ which

　 ｹ damage　 ｺ moment　 ｻ profit　 ｼ fragile　 ｽ minimum　 ｾ allowed

　 ｿ intensive　 ﾀ planning　 ﾁ extensive　 ﾂ concentrated

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　(　)に適語を記し全訳せよ。

　

　86.　　We not only have no idea when language began; we do not even have

　an idea of (　　) the earlier stages of language might have been like.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　87.　　In many businesses and in places such as hospitals, the cost of

　housing the written records on which the organization (　　) has risen

　to the point where it is greater than the cost of employing the people

　who use the (　　).

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　88.　　As the population keeps increasing, sooner or later the day must

　come when neither food nor space is (　　), for the simple reason that

　both are limited whereas population is potentially (　　).

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　89.　　The various ( 1 ) of animal life have evolved ( 2 ) an immense

　period of time by natural ( 3 ), through ( 4 ) they have become

　differentiated by ( 5 ) themselves, ( 6 ) varying degrees of success,

　( 7 ) different environments and to ( 8 ) changes of environment.　( 9 )

　only do climatic conditions ( 10 ) in different parts of the earth, but

　in all parts they have ( 11 ) a long series of more or less ( 12 )

　changes.

　

　 ｱ to　 ｲ and　 ｳ not　 ｴ over　 ｵ time　 ｶ with　 ｷ forms　 ｸ which

　 ｹ differ　 ｺ changed　 ｻ adopting　 ｼ adapting　 ｽ profound

　 ｾ selection　 ｿ undergone　 ﾀ successive　 ﾁ superficial

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

　

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　(　)に適語を記し全訳せよ。

　

　90.　　It must be obvious to all thinking people that there is only one

　way to prevent a catastrophe which probably would mean the end of the

　human race: since we cannot increase the size of the earth, the only

　alternative is that we voluntarily (　　) our numbers to an extent

　which is in (　　) with existing means of life.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　91.　　No (　　) the greatest single leap in human prehistory was the one

　we made from being helpless prey to becoming formidable predators of other

　living creatures, including, eventually, the ones with claws.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　92.　　There seems to be no good reason whatever for the statement that

　there are certain people whose vocabulary is so limited that they cannot

　get on (　　) the supplementary use of gesture so that intelligible

　communication between members of such a group becomes impossible in the

　dark.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　

　

　　各空所に適語を選び、記号で記せ。

　

　93.　　The ( 1 ) with which the Japanese adopt foreign customs while ( 2 )

　their own, ( 3 ) of whether ( 4 ) is abandoned is worth preserving, ( 5 )

　the impression ( 6 ) they are terribly ( 7 ) and careless about their

　destiny.　The rapidity with which they can give up what was recently ( 8 )

　suggests their coolness ( 9 ) dealing with foreign cultures−a coolness

　that seems to hide ( 10 ) the exterior of change the ( 11 ) of their own

　( 12 ).

　

　　ｱ in　　　ｲ of　　　ｳ on　　　ｴ ease　　　ｵ that　　　ｶ what　　 ｷ wise

　　ｸ gives　 ｹ naive　 ｺ which　 ｻ beneath　 ｼ culture　 ｽ adopted

　　ｾ getting　 ｿ according　 ﾀ constancy　 ﾁ abandoning　 ﾂ irrespective

　

　 1.　　 2.　　 3.　　 4.　　 5.　　 6.　　 7.　　 8.　　 9.　　10.　　

　

　11.　　12.　　

　

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　　提出用ノート

　　　　　　　　　　提出は前日まで。当日の場合は　　　時まで。遅刻は認めない。

　

(　　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.

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(　　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.

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(　　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.

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(　　 ) 1.　　2.　　3.　　4.　　5.　　6.　　7.　　8.　　9.　　10.　　　.

　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　和訳 　　　　 ／１０

　

　　月　　日 氏名　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 得点　　　　 ／２０

　

　

　

　

　

　　提出用ノート　　　

　　　　　　　　　　提出は前日まで。当日の場合は　　　時まで。遅刻は認めない。

　

(　　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .

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(　　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

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(　　　)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.

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(　　 ) 1.　 2.　 3.　 4.　 5.　 6.　 7.　 8.　 9.　10.　 11.　　12.　　.

　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　和訳 　　　　 ／１０

　

　　月　　日 氏名　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 得点　　　　 ／２２

　

　

　

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