★ 上級英文 No.3 ☆
☆ 解答は全てページの一番下。☆
☆ 自信のない人は辞書ＯＫ。☆
次の英文の各空所に、下から選んだ適語を記号で答えよ。
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to ( 1 )
questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be
clear about ( 2 ) a scientific theory is. I shall take the simpleminded
view ( 3 ) a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted
part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to
observations that we make. It ( 4 ) only in our minds and does not
have any other reality (whatever that might mean). A theory is a good
theory if it ( 5 ) two requirements: It must accurately describe a
large class of observations on the ( 6 ) of a model that contains only
a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about
the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle's theory
that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and
water, was simple ( 7 ) to qualify, but it did not make any ( 8 )
predictions. On the other hand, Newton's theory of gravity was based
on an even simpler model, in ( 9 ) bodies attracted each other with a
force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet
it ( 10 ) the motions of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high
degree of accuracy.
ｱ how ｲ say ｳ why ｴ that ｵ what
ｶ which ｷ basis ｸ truth ｹ enough ｺ exists
ｻ discuss ｼ predicts ｽ prevents ｾ definite ｿ satisfies
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
ra0103228 ☆ 全訳例
宇宙の本質について語り、宇宙に始まりや終わりがあるのかといった様な問題
を論じるには、科学理論とは何であるかをはっきりさせておかなければならない。
ここでは、理論とは単に宇宙全体あるいはその限定された一部についてのひな型
であり、そのひな型の中の量を観察に関係付ける事の出来る一連の規則である、
という単純な見方をとることにする。理論は頭の中だけにしか存在せず、それ以
外にはどんな実在性（それがどんな意味であろうと）も有しない。２つの要件を
満たす理論はよい理論である。つまり、理論というものは恣意的な要素を少数し
か含まないひな型に基づいて様々な観察を正確に説明できるものでなくてはなら
ないということ。次に、将来行なう観察の結果について明確な予測ができるもの
でなくてはならない、というものだ。例えば、万物が、土、空気、火及び水の四
元素で出来ているとするアリストテレスの理論は、単純さの点では十分資格があ
ったが、確実な予測を何一つ行なえないものだった。これに対してニュートンの
重力理論は、物体が、質量と呼ばれる量に比例し、物体間の距離の二乗に反比例
する力で互いに引き合う、という一層単純なひな型に基づいている。しかし、そ
れによって太陽、月、惑星の運動を高い精度で予測できるのである。
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss
questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be
clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simpleminded
view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted
part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to
observations that we make. It exists only in our minds and does not
have any other reality (whatever that might mean). A theory is a good
theory if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a
large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only
a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about
the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle's theory
that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and
water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite
predictions. On the other hand, Newton's theory of gravity was based
on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a
force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet
it predicts the motions of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high
degree of accuracy.
★☆ 単語を確認しつつ何度も読み返してみよ。★☆
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss
questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be
clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simpleminded
view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted
part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to
observations that we make. It exists only in our minds and does not
have any other realitey (whatever that might mean). A theory is a good
theory if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a
large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only
a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about
the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle's theory
that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and
water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite
predictions. On the other hand, Newton's theory of gravity was based
on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a
force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet
it predicts the motions of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high
degree of accuracy.
ac･cu･ra･cy [¢kjur§si] 名 正確さ
ac･cu･rate･ly [¢kjuritli] 副 正確に
ar･bi･trar･y [½®rbitr§ri] 形 任意の
at･tract [§tr¢kt] vt 引きつける
base [béis] 名 vt 基礎(を置く)[ＡonＢ]
ba･sis [béisis] 名 基礎､論拠
con･tain [k§ntéin] vt 含む､収容できる
de･gree [digrí®] 名 程度､度､学位
def･i･nite [définit] 形 一定の､明確な
de･scribe [diskráib] vt 説明する､言う
dis･cuss [disk¶s] vt 話し合う､論議する
dis･tance [díst§ns] 名 距離
el･e･ment [él§m§nt] 名 (構成)要素
ex･ist [igzíst/egz-] vi 存在[生存]する
force [f¦®rs] 名 vt 力､強いる
grav･i･ty [gr¢v§ti] 名 引力､重力､重大性､真面目さ
in･verse [ìnv©®rs/ínv§®rs] 形 名 逆(の)､反対､反比例の
mo･tion [móu¸§n] 名 v. 運動､動作､動議､合図(する)
ob･ser･va･tion [¼bz§rvéi¸§n] 名 観察､情報､意見
plan･et [pl¢nit] 名 遊星､惑星
pre･dic･tion [pridík¸§n] 名 予言､予測
pro･por･tion･al [pr§p¦®r¸§nl] 形 名 比例した[する]､比例数
qual･i･ty [kw½l§ti] 名 質､特質
quan･ti･ty [kw½nt§ti] 名 (分)量
re･al･i･ty [ri(®)¢l§ti] 名 現実
re･late [riléit] v. 関係づける[ＡtoＢ]､話す､かかわる
re･quire･ment [rikwái§rm§nt] 名 必要品､要求物､資格
re･strict [ristríkt] vt (範囲を)制限する
re･sult [riz¶lt] 名 vi 結果(になる)[in⇔from]
sat･is･fy [s¢tisfài] vt 満足させる､満たす
sci･en･tif･ic [sài§ntífik] 形 科学の､科学的な
sim･ple-mind･ed [símpl máindid] 形 お人好しの､単純な､愚かな
square [skwé§r] 名 形 副 v. 四角(の)､正直に､直角にする
the･o･ry [·í(®)§ri] 名 理論
u･ni･verse [jú®niv¨®rs] 名 宇宙､全世界
★☆ 理解できたら、ここからが実力ＵＰ作戦だ。★☆
（理解できない部分があっても、まあ良しとして、とにかくやってみよう）
☆★☆ Nisshy式、英文マスタードリル。☆★☆
|
10分間、上の英文を、暗記してから次の問題に答えよ。
★☆★☆★☆ 暗記は、声に出して読むのが一番だぞ。★☆★☆★☆
テスト 12 空所に適語を記せ。
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss
questions ( 1 ) as whether it has a beginning or an ( 2 ), you have to be
clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simpleminded
view ( 3 ) a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted
part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to
observations that we ( 4 ). It exists only in our minds and does not
have any other reality whatever that might ( 5 ). A theory is a good
theory if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a
large class of observations ( 6 ) the basis of a model that contains only
a few arbitrary elements, and it must ( 7 ) definite predictions about
the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle's theory
that everything was made out ( 8 ) four elements, earth, air, fire, and
water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite
predictions. ( 9 ) the other hand, Newton's theory of gravity was based
( 10 ) an even simpler model, ( 11 ) which bodies attracted each other
with a force that was proportional ( 12 ) a quantity called their mass and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet
it predicts the motions of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high
degree of accuracy.
1. 2. 3. 4. .
5. 6. 7. 8. .
9. 10. 11. 12. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
さらに５分間、暗記をしてから次の問題に答えよ。
テスト 20 空所に適語を記せ。
In ( 1 ) to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss
questions such ( 2 ) whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be
clear about ( 3 ) a scientific theory is. I shall take the simpleminded
view that a ( 4 ) is just a model of the universe, or a restricted
part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to
observations that we make. It exists only in our minds and does not
have any other reality ( 5 ) that might mean. A theory is a good
theory if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a
large class of observations on the ( 6 ) of a model that contains only
a few arbitrary elements, and it must ( 7 ) definite predictions about
the results ( 8 ) future observations. For example, Aristotle's theory
that everything ( 9 ) made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and
water, was ( 10 ) enough to ( 11 ), but it did not ( 12 ) any definite
predictions. On the other ( 13 ), Newton's theory of gravity was ( 14 )
on an even simpler model, ( 15 ) which bodies attracted each ( 16 ) with
a force that was proportional ( 17 ) a quantity called their mass and
( 18 ) proportional ( 19 ) the square of the distance ( 20 ) them. Yet
it predicts the motions of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high
degree of accuracy.
1. 2. 3. 4. .
5. 6. 7. 8. .
9. 10. 11. 12. .
13. 14. 15. 16. .
17. 18. 19. 20. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
さらにさらに５分間、暗記をしてから次の問題に答えよ。
テスト 28 Ａの空所には適語を、Ｂの空所には下から選んで適語を記号で記せ。
In order to talk about the ( B1 ) of the universe and to ( A1 )
questions such ( A2 ) whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be
clear about ( A3 ) a scientific theory is. I shall take the simpleminded
view ( A4 ) a theory is just a model of the universe, or a ( B2 ) part of
it, and a set of rules that relate ( B3 ) in the model to observations
that we ( A5 ). It exists only in our minds and does not have any ( A6 )
reality whatever that might mean. A theory is a ( A7 ) theory if it
satisfies two ( B4 ): It must ( B5 ) describe a large class of
observations on the ( A8 ) of a model that contains only a few ( B6 )
elements, and it must make ( B7 ) predictions about the ( A9 ) of future
observations. For example, Aristotle's theory that ( A10 ) was made out
of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to ( B8 ),
but it did not make any definite predictions. On the ( A11 ) hand,
Newton's theory of gravity was ( A12 ) on an even simpler model, in
( A13 ) bodies attracted each ( A14 ) with a force that was ( B9 ) to a
quantity ( A15 ) their mass and ( B10 ) proportional to the ( B11 ) of the
distance ( A16 ) them. Yet it predicts the motions of the sun, the moon,
and the planets to a high ( B12 ) of accuracy.
ｱ degree ｲ nature ｳ square ｴ qualify ｵ definite
ｶ arbitrary ｷ inversely ｸ accurately ｹ quantities ｺ restricted
ｻ proportional ｼ requirements
A1. A2. A3. A4. .
A5. A6. A7. A8. .
A9. A10. A11. A12. .
A13. A14. A15. A16. .
B1. B2. B3. B4. B5. B6. B7. B8. .
B9. B10. B11. B12. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
さらにさらに、さら〜に５分間、暗記をしてから次の問題に答えよ。
テスト 32 空所に適語を記せ。
In order to ( 1 ) about the nature of the universe and to ( 2 )
questions such as ( 3 ) it has a ( 4 ) or an end, you have to ( 5 ) clear
about ( 6 ) a scientific theory is. I shall ( 7 ) the simpleminded view
that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted ( 8 ) of
it, and a set ( 9 ) rules that relate quantities in the model ( 10 )
observations that we ( 11 ). It exists only in our minds and does not
have ( 12 ) other reality ( 13 ) that might mean. A theory is a good
theory if it ( 14 ) two requirements: It must accurately describe a
large class of observations ( 15 ) the basis of a model that contains only
a few arbitrary elements, and it must ( 16 ) definite predictions about
the ( 17 ) of future observations. For example, Aristotle's theory ( 18 )
everything was ( 19 ) out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water,
was simple ( 20 ) to qualify, ( 21 ) it did not ( 22 ) any definite
predictions. ( 23 ) the other ( 24 ), Newton's theory of gravity was
based ( 25 ) an ( 26 ) simpler model, ( 27 ) which bodies attracted ( 28 )
other with a force that was proportional ( 29 ) a quantity ( 30 ) their
mass and inversely proportional ( 31 ) the square of the distance between
them. Yet it predicts the motions of the sun, the moon, and the planets
to a high ( 32 ) of accuracy.
1. 2. 3. 4. .
5. 6. 7. 8. .
9. 10. 11. 12. .
13. 14. 15. 16. .
17. 18. 19. 20. .
21. 22. 23. 24. .
29. 30. 31. 32. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
解答
1.サ 2.オ 3.エ 4.コ 5.ソ 6.キ 7.ケ 8.セ 9.カ 10.シ .
テスト12解答
1. such 2. end 3. that 4. make .
5. mean 6. on 7. make 8. of .
9. On 10. on 11. in 12. to .
テスト20解答
1. order 2. as 3. what 4. theory .
5. whatever 6. basis 7. make 8. of .
9. was 10. simple 11. qualify 12. make .
13. hand 14. based 15. in 16. other .
17. to 18. inversely 19. to 20. between .
テスト28解答
A1. discuss A2. as A3. what A4. that .
A5. make A6. other A7. good A8. basis .
A9. results A10. everything A11. other A12. based .
A13. which A14. other A15. called A16. between .
B1.イ B2.コ B3.ケ B4.シ B5.ク B6.カ B7.オ B8.エ .
B9.サ B10.キ B11.ウ B12.ア .
テスト32解答
1. talk 2. discuss 3. whether 4. beginning .
5. be 6. what 7. take 8. part .
9. of 10. to 11. make 12. any .
13. whatever 14. satisfies 15. on 16. make .
17. results 18. that 19. made 20. enough .
21. but 22. make 23. On 24. hand .
25. on 26. even 27. in 28. each .
29. to 30. called 31. to 32. degree .
★☆ 各テストに満点を取れたら、この英文はマスターしたものと考えて良し。 ★☆
Congratulations！ そして、ご苦労さん。 次へ進め。