★ 上級英文 No.4 ☆
☆ 解答は全てページの一番下。☆
☆ 自信のない人は辞書ＯＫ。☆
次の英文の各空所に、下から選んだ適語を記号で答えよ。
The function of a science is to establish general laws covering the
behaviour of the events or objects ( 1 ) which the science in question is
concerned, and thereby to ( 2 ) us to connect together our knowledge of
the separately known events, and to make reliable predictions of events
as yet unknown. This function of establishing general laws is common to
all the natural sciences; it is characteristic also of those parts of
psychology and of the social sciences which would ordinarily be called
scientific as ( 3 ) to philosophical. If the science is in a highly
developed stage, as in physics, the laws which have been established will
form a hierarchy in which many special laws appear as logical consequences
of a small number of highly general laws expressed in a very sophisticated
( 4 ); if the science is in an early stage of development−( 5 ) is
sometimes called its‘natural-history’stage−the laws may be merely
the generalizations involved in ( 6 ) things into various classes. But
to classify a whale as a mammal is to assert the generalization that all
infant whales are ( 7 ) with milk by their mothers, and this proposition
is a general law, although of ( 8 ) scope. It enables us to predict that
the next ( 9 ) we meet will be a mammal, and it singles out an important
feature in which whales ( 10 ) from fishes.
ｱ to ｲ let ｳ come ｴ what ｵ with ｶ given ｷ whale
ｸ stage ｹ which ｺ animal ｻ differ ｼ enable ｽ manner
ｾ limited ｿ opposed ﾀ provided ﾁ according ﾂ classifying
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
ra0104227 ☆ 全訳例
科学の役割とは、その科学が関わる出来事や物事の性質を網羅する一般的法則
を確立することであり、そうすることによって個々別々の出来事に関しての知識
を互いに結び付け、今のところまだ知られていない出来事に対して信頼の出来る
予測を可能にすることである。この一般法則を確立するという役割はあらゆる自
然科学に共通のものであり、それはまた、心理学や社会科学の中の、一般に、哲
学的であるといわれる分野に対して、科学的であると言われる分野の特徴でもあ
る。科学が、物理学のように高度に発達した段階では、それまでに確立された法
則は、ある種の階層を形成し、その中で多くの特殊な法則が、非常に複雑な形で
表現された少数の一般性の高い法則の論理的結果として現れるのである。一方、
科学が、いわゆる「博物学的段階」と言われるような、その発達の初期の段階に
あると、その法則は物事を色々な段階に分類するのに必要な単なる一般的概念に
過ぎないかも知れない。しかし、鯨を哺乳類として分類するということは「すべ
ての子鯨は母鯨から母乳を供給される。」という一般的概念を主張することであ
り、この主張は、その適用範囲こそ限られてはいるが、まさに一般法則なのであ
る。この一般法則によって、次に見る鯨を哺乳類だと予言することが出来、また、
鯨の持つ魚類とは違う重要な特徴をはっきりさせることが出来るのである。
The function of a science is to establish general laws covering the
behaviour of the events or objects with which the science in question is
concerned, and thereby to enable us to connect together our knowledge of
the separately known events, and to make reliable predictions of events
as yet unknown. This function of establishing general laws is common to
all the natural sciences; it is characteristic also of those parts of
psychology and of the social sciences which would ordinarily be called
scientific as opposed to philosophical. If the science is in a highly
developed stage, as in physics, the laws which have been established will
form a hierarchy in which many special laws appear as logical consequences
of a small number of highly general laws expressed in a very sophisticated
manner; if the science is in an early stage of development−what is
sometimes called its‘natural-history’stage−the laws may be merely
the generalizations involved in classifying things into various classes.
But to classify a whale as a mammal is to assert the generalization that
all infant whales are provided with milk by their mothers, and this
proposition is a general law, although of limited scope. It enables us to
predict that the next whale we meet will be a mammal, and it singles out
an important feature in which whales differ from fishes.
★☆ 単語を確認しつつ何度も読み返してみよ。★☆
The function of a science is to establish general laws covering the
behaviour of the events or objects with which the science in question is
concerned, and thereby to enable us to connect together our knowledge of
the separately known events, and to make reliable predictions of events
as yet unknown. This function of establishing general laws is common to
all the natural sciences; it is characteristic also of those parts of
psychology and of the social sciences which would ordinarily be called
scientific as opposed to philosophical. If the science is in a highly
developed stage, as in physics, the laws which have been established will
form a hierarchy in which many special laws appear as logical consequences
of a small number of highly general laws expressed in a very sophisticated
manner; if the science is in an early stage of development−what is
sometimes called its‘natural-history’stage−the laws may be merely
the generalizations involved in classifying things into various classes.
But to classify a whale as a mammal is to assert the generalization that
all infant whales are provided with milk by their mothers, and this
proposition is a general law, although of limited scope. It enables us to
predict that the next whale we meet will be a mammal, and it singles out
an important feature in which whales differ from fishes.
as･sert [§s©®rt] vt 主張する､断言する
be･hav･io(u)r [bihéivj§r] 名 振る舞い､行儀､動き
char･ac･ter･is･tic [k¡r§kt§rístik] 形 名 特有の､特性
clas･si･fy [kl¢sifài] vt 分類する
com･mon [k½m§n] 形 共通の､普通の
con･cern [k§ns©®rn] vt 名 心配(させる)､関係(する)､問題
con･nect [k§nékt] v. つなぐ､関係づける､つながる
con･se･quence [k½nsikwens] 名 結果､ 重要さ
en･a･ble [enéibl/in-] vt 可能にさせる[Ｏ + to do]
es･tab･lish [ist¢bli¸/es-] vt 確立する､設立する
e･vent [ivént] 名 出来事
fea･ture [fí®t¸§r] 名 v. 特徴(を持つ､づける)､顔立ち
func･tion [f¶¿k¸§n] 名 vi 機能(を果たす)､役割､作動する
gen･er･al･i･za･tion [d¾èn§r§l§zéi¸§n/-lai-] 名 一般化､普遍化､一般概念
hi･er･ar･chy [hái§r¼®rki] 名 階級(制)､支配層､階層
in･fant [ínf§nt] 名 形 赤ん坊､幼児(の)､初心者､初期の
lim･it [límit] 名 vt 限界､制限(する)
mam･mal [m¢ml] 名 哺乳類[動物]
natural-history 博物学
ob･ject [名½bd¾ikt/動§bd¾ékt] 名 v. 物､対象､目的､反対する
op･pose [§póuz] v. 反対する
phil･o･soph･ic/-･i･cal [fìl§s½fik(l)] 形 哲学の､賢明な､達観した､冷静な
phys･ics [fíziks] 名 物理学
pre･dict [pridíkt] v. 予言する､予測する
pre･dic･tion [pridík¸§n] 名 予言､予測
prop･o･si･tion [pr¼p§zí¸§n] 名 提案､主張､定義
pro･vide [pr§váid] v. 供給する､養う､備える､与える
psy･chol･o･gy [saik½l§d¾i] 名 心理(学)
re･li･a･ble [rilái§bl] 形 信頼できる
scope [skóup] 名 範囲､視野､余地
sep･a･rate [形sép§r§t/動sép§rèit] 形 v. 離れた､別個の､離す
sin･gle [sí¿gl] 名 形 v. 一つ(の)､一人(の)､選び出す
so･phis･ti･cate [s§fístikèit] vt 洗練させる､複雑[高度]化する､ゆがめる
so･phis･ti･cat･ed [s§fístikèitid] 形 洗練された､教養のある
there･by [ðè§rbái] 副 それによって[関して]､その辺に
whale [hwéil] 名 vi 鯨､捕鯨に従事する､ vt 強打する
★☆ 理解できたら、ここからが実力ＵＰ作戦だ。★☆
（理解できない部分があっても、まあ良しとして、とにかくやってみよう）
☆★☆ Nisshy式、英文マスタードリル。☆★☆
|
10分間、上の英文を、暗記してから次の問題に答えよ。
★☆★☆★☆ 暗記は、声に出して読むのが一番だぞ。★☆★☆★☆
テスト 10 空所に適語を記せ。
The function of a science is to establish general laws covering
the behaviour of the events or objects with which the science ( 1 )
question is concerned, and thereby to enable us ( 2 ) connect together our
knowledge of the separately known events, and to make reliable predictions
of events as yet unknown. This function ( 3 ) establishing general laws
is common to all the natural sciences; it is characteristic also of those
parts of psychology and of the social sciences which would ordinarily
( 4 ) called scientific as opposed to philosophical. If the science is
in a highly developed stage, as in physics, the laws which have been
established will form a hierarchy in which many special laws appear as
logical consequences of a small number of highly general laws expressed
( 5 ) a very sophisticated manner; if the science is in an early stage of
development−( 6 ) is sometimes called its‘natural-history’stage−
the laws may be merely the generalizations involved in classifying things
into various classes. But to classify a whale as a mammal is to assert
the generalization ( 7 ) all infant whales are provided ( 8 ) milk by
their mothers, and this proposition is a general law, although of limited
scope. It enables us to predict that the next whale we meet will be a
( 9 ), and it singles out an important feature ( 10 ) which whales differ
from fishes.
1. 2. 3. 4. .
5. 6. 7. 8. .
1. 10. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
さらに５分間、暗記をしてから次の問題に答えよ。
テスト 20 空所に適語を記せ。
The function of a science is to establish general laws covering the
behaviour of the events or objects ( 1 ) which the science in question is
concerned, and thereby to enable us to connect together our knowledge of
the separately known events, and to ( 2 ) reliable predictions of events
as ( 3 ) unknown. This function of establishing general laws is common
( 4 ) all the natural sciences; it is characteristic also of those parts
of psychology and of the social sciences which would ordinarily be called
scientific as opposed ( 5 ) philosophical. If the science is in a highly
developed stage, ( 6 ) in physics, the laws which have been established
will form a hierarchy ( 7 ) which many special laws appear as logical
consequences of a small number ( 8 ) highly general laws expressed ( 9 )
a very sophisticated manner; if the science is in ( 10 ) early stage of
development−( 11 ) is sometimes called its‘natural-history’stage−
the laws may be merely the generalizations involved ( 12 ) classifying
things ( 13 ) various classes. But to classify a whale as a mammal is to
assert the generalization ( 14 ) all infant whales are provided ( 15 )
milk by their mothers, and this proposition is a general law, although
( 16 ) limited scope. It enables us to predict that the next ( 17 ) we
meet will be a ( 18 ), and it singles out an important feature ( 19 )
which whales differ ( 20 ) fishes.
1. 2. 3. 4. .
5. 6. 7. 8. .
9. 10. 11. 12. .
13. 14. 15. 16. .
17. 18. 19. 20. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
さらにさらに５分間、暗記をしてから次の問題に答えよ。
テスト 32 Ａの空所には適語を、Ｂの空所には下から選んで適語を記号で記せ。
The function of a science is to ( B1 ) general laws covering the
behaviour of the events or ( B2 ) with ( A1 ) the science ( A2 ) question
is concerned, and ( B3 ) to enable us to connect together our knowledge of
the separately ( B4 ) events, and to make ( B5 ) predictions of events as
yet ( B6 ). This function of establishing general laws is common ( A3 )
all the natural sciences; it is characteristic also ( A4 ) those parts of
psychology and ( A5 ) the social sciences which would ( B7 ) be called
scientific as ( B8 ) to philosophical. If the science is in a highly
developed stage, as ( A6 ) physics, the laws which have ( A7 ) established
will form a ( B9 ) in ( A8 ) many special laws appear as logical ( B10 )
of a small number ( A9 ) highly general laws expressed in a very
sophisticated ( B11 ); if the science is in an early stage of development−
( A10 ) is sometimes called its‘natural-history’stage−the laws may be
merely the generalizations involved in ( B12 ) things into various classes.
But to classify a whale ( A11 ) a mammal is to ( B13 ) the generalization
that all infant whales are provided ( A12 ) milk by their mothers, and
this ( B14 ) is a general law, although ( A13 ) limited scope. It enables
us to predict ( A14 ) the next whale we meet will be a ( B15 ), and it
singles ( A15 ) an important ( B16 ) in which whales ( A16 ) from fishes.
ｱ known ｲ assert ｳ mammal ｴ manner ｵ feature ｶ objects
ｷ opposed ｸ reliable ｹ thereby ｺ unknown ｻ establish
ｼ hierarchy ｽ ordinarily ｾ classifying ｿ proposition
ﾀ consequences
A1. A2. A3. A4. .
A5. A6. A7. A8. .
A9. A10. A11. A12. .
A13. A14. A15. A16. .
B1. B2. B3. B4. B5. B6. B7. B8. .
B9. B10. B11. B12. B13. B14. B15. B16. .
月 日 氏名 得点 ／ .
解答
1.オ 2.シ 3.ソ 4.ス 5.エ 6.ツ 7.タ 8.セ 9.キ 10.サ .
テスト10解答
1. in 2. to 3. of 4. be .
5. in 6. what 7. that 8. with .
9. mammal 10. in .
テスト20解答
1. with 2. make 3. yet 4. to .
5. to 6. as 7. in 8. of .
9. in 10. an 11. what 12. in .
13. into 14. that 15. with 16. of .
17. whale 18. mammal 19. in 20. from .
テスト32解答
A1. which A2. in A3. to A4. of .
A5. of A6. in A7. been A8. which .
A9. of A10. what A11. as A12. with .
A13. of A14. that A15. out A16. differ .
B1.サ B2.カ B3.ケ B4.ア B5.ク B6.コ B7.ス B8.キ .
B9.シ B10.タ B11.エ B12.セ B13.イ B14.ソ B15.ウ B16.オ .
★☆ 各テストに満点を取れたら、この英文はマスターしたものと考えて良し。 ★☆
Congratulations！ そして、ご苦労さん。 次へ進め。