-Practice the English Copy-Writing Method Every Day ④
２０１３年２月 志村英盛
関連サイト：英語脳創りで情報力・発信力を高める－毎日、量聴、量作文、量音読
031
Sandy's Swath of Destruction
from The Daily Yomiuri Nov.1 , 2012
The most devastating storm in decades to hit the most densely
populated U.S. region cut off modern communication and left millions
without power Tuesday, as thousands who fled their waterlogged homes
wondered when - if- life would return to normal.
A weakening Sandy, the hurricane turned fearsome superstorm,
killed at least 50 people, many hit by falling trees, and
still was not finished. It inched inland across Pennsylvania,
ready to bank toward western New York State to dump more of
its water and likely cause more havoc Tuesday night. Behind it:
a dazed, inundated New York City, a drenched Atlantic Coast
and a moonscape of disarray and debris - from unmoored
shore-town boardwalks to submerged mass-transit systems
to delicate presidential politics.
"Nature," said New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg,
assessing the damage to his city, "is an awful lot
more powerful than we are."
More than 8.2 million households were without power
in 17 states as far west as Michigan. Nearly 2 million
of those were in New York, where large swaths of lower Manhattan
lost electricity and entire streets ended up under water
- as did seven subway tunnels between Manhattan and Brooklyn
at one point, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority said.
The city's subway system, the lifeblood of more solidated
Edison said electricity in and around New York could take
a week to restore.
Superstorm Sandy grounded more than 18,000 flights across
the Northeast and the globe, and it will take days before
travel gets back to normal.
The flight-tracking service FlightAware said more than
7,000 flights were canceled Tuesday alone. Delays rippled
across the United States, affecting travelers in cities
from San Francisco to Atlanta. Some passengers attempting
to fly out of Europe and Asia also were stuck.
Authorities closed the three big New York Airports because of
the storm. New York has the nation's busiest airspace,
so cancellations there can dramatically affect travel
in other cities.
It was possible that John F. Kennedy airport would reopen
for flights Wednesday, according to the Port Authority of
New York and New Jersey. It was not known when the LaGuardia
and Newark, N.J., airports would reopen.
Flying began to resume at other airports. Delta resumed
flights from Boston and Washington Dulles and Reagan on Tuesday.
Airline spokesman Morgan Durrant said it would resume domestic
flights from JFK on Wednesday.
The End
032
Superstorm Sandy
forced three nuclear reactors to close
Nov.1, 2012
Nuclear plants are supposed to withstand hurricanes, tornadoes,
earthquakes, even a direct hit from a hijacked jetliner.
But an earthquake and tsunami that caused multiple meltdowns
last year at the Fukushima No.1 nuclear power plant has raised
public scrutiny on how they perform during natural disasters.
Superstorm Sandy forced three nuclear reactors to close
by playing havoc with cooling water and electrical lines,
but the nuclear industry took the pounding without suffering
a major problem.
Storm-related complications were blamed this week for forcing
three nuclear reactors offline - Nine Mile Point Unit 1
northwest of Syracuse, N.Y., Indian Point Unit 3 north of New York
City and the Salem plant's Unit 1 on the Delaware River
in New Jersey.
Meanwhile, rising waters along the Barnegat Bay prompted
officials to declare an "alert," the second-lowest
in a four-tiered warning system, at Oyster Creek in New Jersey.
That plant had earlier been taken out of service for a scheduled
refueling, meaning it was not producing power.
Regulators and plant operators said none of the problems
compromised safety.
"Hurricane Sandy once again demonstrates the robust construction
of nuclear energy facilities, which are built to withstand extreme
flooding and hurricane-force winds that are beyond that
historically reported for each area," said Marvin Fertel,
president of the Nuclear Energy Institute, an industry lobbying group.
The End
033
Julius Caesar
by William Shakespeare
Cassius Caesar, pardon; as low as to thy foot doth Cassius fall...
Caesar I could be well moved, if I were as you; but I am constant
as the northern star. I was constant Cimber should be banished,
and constant do remain to keep him so.
Cinna 0, Caesar-
Decius Great Caesar...
Caesar Hence! Wilt thou lift up Olympus?
--------------------------------------------------------------
Casca Speak hands for me!
Tottering, Caesar turned to Brutus for assistance, but avoiding his face,
Brutus, too, wielded his sword...
--------------------------------------------------------------
Caesar Et tu, Brute ? ...
--------------------------------------------------------------
then fall Caesar !
--------------------------------------------------------------
Cassius Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run hence, proclaim, cry it
about the streets.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Brutus People and senators, be not afrighted. Fly not; stand still;
ambition's debt is paid.
--------------------------------------------------------------
A servant of Antony's enters...
--------------------------------------------------------------
Servant My master bid me kneel and say: 'Brutus is noble, wise, valiant,
and honest; Caesar was mighty, bold, royal, and loving: so I love
Brutus, and I honour him."
Servant If Brutus will vouchsafe that Antony may safely come to him,
and be resolved how Caesar hath deserved to lie in death,
Mark Antony shall not love Caesar dead so well as Brutus living..
Brutus Tell him, so please him come unto this place; he shall be
satisfied; and depart untouched.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Brutus I know that we shall have him well to friend.
Cassius I wish we may: but yet I have a mind that fears him much.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Brutus Welcome. Mark Antony.
Antony 0 mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low ? I know not, gentlemen,
what you intend, who else must be let blood. If I myself,
there is no hour so fit as Caesar's death's hour. I do beseech
ye, if you bear me hard, fulfill your pleasure. Live a thousand
years, I shall find no place to die will please me so, as here
by Caesar.
Brutus To you, our swords have leaden points, Mark Antony.
Antony Friends, am I with you all, give me reasons why, and wherein...
and that I may produce his body to the market-place, and speak
in the order of his funeral.
Brutus You shall, Mark Antony.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Cassius Brutus, a word with you.
Cassius Do not consent that Antony should speak in his funeral.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Brutus Mark Antony, you shall not in your funeral speech blame us,
but speak all good you can of Caesar. You shall speak
after my speech is ended.
Antony Be it so.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Then all but Antony left the senate. Antony was instructed to prepare
the body and follow them to the public place where Caesar's funeral
was to be held.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Antony 0, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, that I am meek
and gentle with these butchers.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Antony Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood! Caesar's spirit,
ranging for revenge, shall in these confines cry havoc!
This foul deed shall smell above the earth.
A servant entered...
--------------------------------------------------------------
Antony You serve Octavius Caesar, do you not?
Servant I do, Mark Antony. He lies tonight within seven leagues of Rome...
Antony Post back with speed, and tell him what hath chanced.
--------------------------------------------------------------
In the public place, Brutus addressed the Roman citizens who were
clamoring for reasons for Caesar's murder...
--------------------------------------------------------------
Brutus Give me audience, friends. Public reasons shall be rendered
of Caesar's death.
Plebeian I will hear Brutus speak.
Plebeian The noble Brutus! Silence!
Brutus Romans, countrymen...if there be any in this assembly,
any dear friend of Caesar's, to him I say that Brutus
' love to Caesar was no less than his.
If then that friend then demand why Brutus rose against Caesar,
this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less,
but that I loved Rome more.
As Caesar was valiant, I honour him; but as he was ambitious,
I slew him.
Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves,
than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men ?
Who here is so base that would be a bondman,
so rude that would not be a Roman,
so vile that will not love his country ?
If any, speak; for him I have offended.
Plebeian None, Brutus, none.
Brutus Then none have I offended. Here comes Caesar's body,
mourned by Mark Antony, who had no hand in his death.
With this I slew my best lover for the good of Rome,
I have the same dagger for myself,
when it shall please my country to need my death.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Brutus departed and thus spoke Mark Antony...
--------------------------------------------------------------
Antony Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them,
the good is oft interred with their bones;
so let it be with Caesar.
The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
and grievously hath Caesar answered it.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me;
but Brutus says he was ambitious,
and Brutus is an honourable man.
When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept;
ambition should be made of sterner stuff.
Yet, Brutus says he was ambitious
and Brutus is an honourable man.
You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice
presented him a kingly crown which he did
thrice refuse. Was this ambition ?
You all did love him once, not without cause;
what cause withholds you then to mourn for him ?
0 judgement! Thou art fled to brutish beasts
and men have lost their reason.
Plebeian Oh, piteous spectacle!
Plebeian There is much reason in his sayings.
Caesar would not take the crown;
therefore,'tis certain he was not ambitious.
Antony 0, if I were disposed to stir your hearts to mutiny,
I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong.
I rather choose to wrong the dead,
to wrong myself and you,
than I will wrong such honourable men.
But here's a parchment with the seal of Caesar;
'tis his will.
Let but the commons hear this testament
and they would go and kiss dead Caesar's wounds.
But I must not read it.
It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you.
You are not wood, you are not stones, but men;
and being men, it will inflarpe you.
'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs;
for if you should, 0, what would come of it?
Plebeian We will hear Caesar's will!
Plebeian Read the will!
Plebeian If you consider rightly of the matter,
Caesar has had great wrong.
Antony If you have tears, prepare to shed them now.
You all do know this mantle.
Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through.
Through this the well-beloved Brutus stabbed.
And Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel.
Judge, 0 you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him!
This was the most unkindest cut of all;
for when the noble Caesar saw him stab,
ingratitude, more strong than traitor's arms,
quite vanquished him:
then burst his mighty heart.
Even at the base of Pompey's statue,
which all the while ran blood, Caesar fell.
0, what a fall was there.
Then I, and you, and all of us fell down.
0, now you weep,
and call for revenge on the traitors.
Good friends,
let me not stir you up to such a sudden flood of mutiny.
They that have done this deed are honourable.
And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you.
For I have neither wit nor words,
nor the power of speech to stir men's blood;
I only speak right on.
But were I Brutus, and Brutus Antony,
there were an Antony would put a tongue in every wound
of Caesar that should move the stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.
Yet hear me, countrymen.
You have forgot the will.
Here, under Caesar's seal,
to every Roman citizen he gives seventy-five drachmas.
Here was a Caesar !
When comes there such another ?
To each Roman citizen, I leave seventy-five drachmas.
To all Roman citizens, I leave all my private walks,
my private arbours and new-planted orchards on this side Tiber.
I leave these to them and their heirs forever.
Plebeian Never, never! Come, away! We'll burn his body in the holy place,
and with the brands fire the traitors' houses.
Take up the body. Go fetch the fire.
Plebeian We will be revenged!
--------------------------------------------------------------
Antony made no effort to stop the frenzied mob that screamed for vengeance...
he watched with a bitter smile...
this had been his purpose...
he had done what he had set out to do...
Carefully, gently, Caesar's corpse was borne to the center of the forum
midst important buildings of state...
someone seized a torch...
--------------------------------------------------------------
Plebeian We'll burn his body in the holy place.
--------------------------------------------------------------
And the night was lighted by monestrous flames from the improvised funeral
pyre...
Incensed by Antony's speech, the infuriated mob, after burning Caesar's body,
set out to burn the homes of Brutus and Cassius.
The End
参考You Tube:Julius Caesar 7of12
034
Obama re-elected
Nov.7, 2012
Barack Obama, America's first black president, captured far more
than the 270 electoral votes needed for victory and further cemented
his place in American history Tuesday with a victory, despite having
led the country through its most difficult economic times
since the Great Depression in the 1930s, a time of stubbornly high
unemployment and anxiety about the future.
Obama told a rally of cheering supporters that the election
"reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey
has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back.
For the United States, "the best is yet to come," he said.
Romney said he had called Obama to concede, and in an appearance
before supporters in Boston he congratulated saying, "I pray that
he will be successful in guiding our nation."
Both Romney and Obama spoke of the need for unity and healing
the nation's partisan divide. But the election did nothing to end
America's divided government. The Democrats retained their narrow
majority in the Senate, while the Republicans kept control of
the House presentatives.
That means Obama's agenda will be largely in the hands of House
Speaker John Boehner, the president's partner in unsuccessful
deficit talks.
Obama's narrow lead in the popular vote will make it difficult
for him to claim a sweeping mandate. With returns from 79 percent
of the nation's precincts, Obama had 52.2 million, 49.5 percent.
Romney had 51.7 million, 49 percent.
But Obama did have a sizeable victory where it mattered,
in the competition for electoral votes. He had at least 303 votes
to Romney's 206.
The president is chosen in a state-by-state tally of electors,
not according to the nationwide popular vote, making such
"battleground" states -- which vote neither Republican nor Democrat
on a consistent basis -- particularly important in such a tight race.
Obama won Ohio, Wisconsin, Virginia, Iowa, New Hampshire, Colorado
and Nevada, seven of the nine battleground states where the rivals
and their allies poured nearly $1 billion into dueling television
commercials.
Of the nine battleground states, Romney captured only North Carolina.
The final swing state -- Florida -- remained too close to call.
The election emerged as a choice between two very different visions
of government -- whether it occupies a major, front-row place
in American lives or is in the background as a less-obtrusive
facilitator for private enterprise and entre preneurship.
The economy was rated the top issue by about 60 percent of voters
surveyed as they left polling places. But more said former President
George W. Bush bore responsibility for current circumstances
than Obama did after nearly four years in office.
About 4 in 10 said the economy is on the mend, but more than that
said it was stagnant or getting worse more than four years after
the near-collapse of 2008. The survey was conducted for
The Associated Press and a group of television networks.
Polls were still open in much of the country as the two rivals
began claiming the spoils of a brawl of an election in a year
in which the struggling economy put a crimp in the middle class
dreams of millions.
While Obama spent the final day of his final campaign in Chicago,
Romney raced to Ohio and Pennsylvania for Election Day campaigning
and projected confidence as he flew home to Massachusetts.
"We fought to the very end, and I think that's why we'll be
successful," he said, adding that he had finished writing
a speech anticipating victory but nothing if the election went
to his rival.
But the mood soured among the Republican high command as
the votes came in and Obama ground out a lead in critical states.
Like Obama, Vice President Joe Biden was in Chicago as he waited
to find out if he was in line for a second term. Republican running
mate Paul Ryan was with Romney in Boston, although he kept one eye
on his re-election campaign for a House seat in Wisconsin, just in case.
The long campaign's cost soared into the billions, much of it
spent on negative ads, some harshly so.
Obama and Romney spent months highlighting their sharp divisions
over the role of government in Americans' lives, especially
in bringing down the stubbornly high unemployment rate,
reducing the $1 trillion-plus federal budget deficit and reducing
a national debt that has crept above $16 trillion.
Obama insists there is no way reduce the staggering debt and
safeguard crucial social programs without asking the wealthy
to pay their "fair share" in taxes. Romney, who bragged of
his successful business background said that gave him the expertise
to manage the economy. He favored lowering taxes and easing
regulations on businesses, saying it would spur job growth.
No U.S. president since Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s
had run for re-election with a national jobless rate as high as
it is now -- 7.9 percent in October.
The End
035
Iran Fired on U.S. Drone
Nov.9,2012
Iranian fighter planes shot at an unarmed American drone last week, Pentagon officials said Thursday, in an unprecedented air attack that raises military tensions in the Persian Gulf.
036
CIA Chief Resigns Over Affair
Petraeus Relationship With Biographer Surfaced
After FBI Probe of His Email.
November 10, 2012
Central Intelligence Agency Director David Petraeus resigned after a probe into whether
someone else was using his email led to the discovery that he was having an extramarital
affair, according to several people briefed on the matter.
A Federal Bureau of Investigation inquiry into use of Mr. Petraeus's Gmail account led
agents to believe the woman or someone close to her had sought access to his email,
the people said.
Multiple officials familiar with the investigation identified the woman as the author of
a biography on Mr. Petraeus.
It was the second national-security revelation to come to light in the two days after
President Barack Obama won re-election. On Wednesday, the Pentagon acknowledged that
Iranian fighter planes had fired on an unmanned reconnaissance drone five days before
the election. Some Republicans on Capitol Hill were irked that the administration waited
so long to make the incident public, while administration officials said they didn't talk about
the attack because the drone program was secret.
Mr. Petraeus's resignation also comes at a time when the CIA is embroiled in controversy
surrounding the events of Sept. 11, 2012, when four Americans were killed in an attack
on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya. After weeks of conflicting accounts of what happened
that night, the CIA acknowledged it had played a central role in gathering intelligence and
providing security for the U.S. presence there.
Mr. Petraeus was scheduled to testify before the Senate intelligence committee next week.
Michael Morell, who was named acting director of the CIA after Mr. Petraeus's resignation,
will appear instead.
The resignation, which stunned the nation's capital, represented a fall for a man who had
been one of the most celebrated military leaders of his time, a four-star general credited
with turning the tide in Iraq and reversing the Taliban's momentum in Afghanistan.
Administration officials said the White House was briefed on the affair Wednesday
by Director of National Intelligence James Clapper. Mr. Obama was informed Thursday
by his staff and met with Mr. Petraeus that day. Mr. Petraeus then offered to resign.
The announcement came Friday afternoon. In a statement to CIA employees,
Mr. Petraeus said, "After being married for over 37 years, I showed extremely poor judgment
by engaging in an extramarital affair. Such behavior is unacceptable, both as a husband and
as the leader of an organization such as ours."
His wife, Holly, the daughter of a West Point superintendent, heads the office
for service-member affairs in the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau,
an agency created by the 2010 financial-regulation law.
Multiple officials said Mr. Petraeus's affair was with Paula Broadwell, a West Point graduate
who recently wrote a book on the retired general, "All In: The Education of General David
Petraeus."
Efforts to reach Ms. Broadwell were unsuccessful. A spokeswoman for her publisher,
Penguin, did not immediately comment.
The computer-security investigation?which raised questions about a potential compromise
to national security?points to one reason Mr. Petraeus and the White House decided
he couldn't remain in the senior intelligence position. An extramarital affair has significant
implications for an official in a highly sensitive post, because it can open an official
to blackmail. Security officials are sensitive to misuse of personal email accounts ?
not only official accounts ? because there have been multiple instances of foreign hackers
targeting personal emails.
Leading contenders to succeed Mr. Petraeus include Mr. Morell and Pentagon intelligence
chief Michael Vickers. Another possibility, if Mr. Obama seeks to reach across the aisle,
is Rep. Michael Rogers (R., Mich.), chairman of the House intelligence committee.
The End
037
BBC boss quits
over 'shoddy journalism' at Newsnight
November 11, 2012
THE BBC director-general, George Entwistle, resigned last night over his botched
handling of a Newsnight report wrongly implicating a Tory peer in child sex abuse.
Entwistle, who admitted there had been “unacceptable journalistic standards
”at Newsnight, said standing down was“the honourable thing to do”.
His departure, after only 55 days in the job, plunged the corporation into one of
the deepest crises in its 90-year history.
Standing beside him outside New Broadcasting House, Lord Patten, chairman of
the BBC Trust, said it was “one of the saddest evenings of my public life”. He said:
“George has very honourably offered us his resignation because of the unacceptable
mistakes ? the unacceptable shoddy journalism ? which has caused us so much controversy.”
The End
038
Argentines Hold Protests
Against Government
Nov.9, 2012
Buenos Aires - Tens of thousands of Argentines poured into the streets
of some of the country's biggest cities Thursday evening to voice their discontent
with President Cristina Kirchner's government.
The protests come almost two months after middle class Argentines similarly took
to the streets out of frustration over the government's growing control over
the economy and the perception that it is not doing enough to fight crime.
In the capital city, thousands of people waving Argentine flags and singing
the national anthem gathered at the emblematic obelisk in downtown Buenos Aires.
039
KANRIN-MARU Journal
by John Mercer Brooke
関連サイト：咸臨丸(かんりんまる)の冒険を成功させたブルック大尉
10th Feb.1860
At 8:15 Joogashima light bore NW about 4 1/2 miles distant
by estimation of Manjiro. Altered Course to SW from W by S 1/2.
Ship going about 4 knots. Bilge water very strong ,smooth sea
.Wind about N W has hauled from the Westd. clouds formed
after sunset but now appear to break away to N Wd.
At 8:40 Joogashima bore North, distant 6 miles by estimation.
At 10:45 put over patent log; altered course from S W to (blank)
by recoking.. Gone Joogashima 13 miles distant N.N.E.
At 1:05 patent log 16 1/4miles. Susaki in sight.
Ooshima also in sight. Ship by the wind S E by E.
Account of 10th.
At 2 PM got underway from Uraga.
In running out, we are winding among the junks.
Carried away Starboard whisker .In the bay found a very strong
wind from W S W,junks running in under small sail.
The Captain sick, diarrhea. Commodore sea sick.
* Diarrhea is a condition that involves the frequent passing
of loose or watery stools, which may be infectious.
Having got in the fair way between Susaki & Ooshima
I trust in fresh wind from North.
11th Feb.1860
At daylight woke up, ship plunging violently.
Went on deck, the maintopsail double reefed was split,
flurled it. So half of foresail went; furled it.
Brailed up spanker. It split and washed away.
Very heavy sea, boat takes in water occasionally.
All the Japanese sick.
Now under Main Trysail.
Steam on. Land fast disappearing.
We are probably in the Kuroshiwo.
Shiphead N E by E. Wind appears inclined to haul to Westd.
Hope it will.
At 12:15 patent log 66 miles since 8:15 PM yesterday.
Manjirogs Latitude by Observation 34°51°.
The wind and sea moderating.
I shall rebend the sails.
Set patent long at 12:15.
Evening at 4, patent log l6 1/2 miles1.
Took in trysail and head sail - the wind being quite light
-and hauled upto N E as I suppose from the temperature of
water that we are in the Kuroshiwo.
The templerature rose between 12 and 4 from 55°to 62°.
I hope we are in the stream.
It will set us tothe Nd & Ed、adding something to our speed.
Commoldore still in his roon ; the Capt.also.
The weather is pretty good but what wind there is dead ahead.
At 7 PM patent log 28 miles .I do wish the wind would haul
to the Westd. However I am satisfied.
The Japanese are recovering from their sea sickness.
I took tea or rather rice and cuttle fish this evening.
I will now go to bed as I feel quite tired.
Cloud cumulous.
Land in sight - very distant - at sunset or just before,
about N.W.
12th Feb.1860
Rainy this moring. A dry Barometer useless from oscillation of mercury.
Small aneroid pretty good. At 9 the wind hauled to the S E from Eastd ;
fresh Course N.E. Barometer at 9:30, aneroid 760. Ship under trysails and
jib & spanker.
Manjiro apprehends bad weather whilst wind is from Eastd. The Aneroid
yesterday 650. At noon patent log 100 ; set it. At 2:45,Barometer 750.34.
The weather unsettled. Wind hauled to North - light rain,cloudy. Sails furled.
As we have but three days coal shall stop the engines at 3 PM.
I trust we may have westerly winds soon. If we had American coal
I could steam some six or seven days at least to a fair wind.
At 7:40 very fresh wind N. N. W. thick with rain. Barometer 750.20.
Took in the fore sail leaving ship under trysails & fore topmast stay sail.
13th Feb.1860
It blew very heavily during the night. Fresh gales from N N W, ship under trysails
and foretopmast staysail. Set foresail and double reefed maintopsail. Very heavy sea,
ship going 7 knots.
The Japanese are gradually recovering from their sea sickness.
I took a violent cold and was obliged to lie down, headache.
The Commodore & Capt. still sick.
Dark thick weather, cloudy hard and cold.
14th Feb.1860
During the night made good way. At 8 : 30 AM had run about
120 miles. Ship headed off to S. E. by E. Got in starboard waist
boat. The Japanese have broken the cabin sky light all to pieces
by putting their feet on the glass, so we are dependent on the
light of a bulls eye.
Tomizo made his appearance this morning. Smiling but not quite well yet.
Old Manjiro was up nearly all night. He enjoys the life, it reminds him
of old times. I was amused last night, heard him telling a story to old Smith
which he followed with a song. Manjiro's story was of the Consul at Hakodate
and three young girls.
Yesterday saw a albatross, a black gull today. Cloudy horizon low.
At 10 heading course E. N. E. I can not put sail on the vessel
as the Japanese are not competent to manage it. The officers are
very ignorant indeed, have had probably no experience in heavy
weather. All the orders are given in dutch. I think it absolutely
necessary that the Japanese should have a marine language of their own.
The helmsmen do not know how to steer by the wind.
Weather braces & bowline they don't attend to.
The weather is excessively disagreeable. No chance of
an observation.
4 PM. For the last three hours, we have been heading
to the Sd. about E S E ,but now heading E N E. Very fresh winds.
Barometer low. Rain. I had a fall, the decks are very slippery.
No sand onboard. This is a rough beginning.
Sunset. Wind very fresh from north. She has as much sail as
she will well bear. I wish we had a reef in the foresail,
if it puffs must run her off. The patent log was fouled
by a rope yarn ; reset it. At 4: 30 had made about 16 miles.
The Japanese have good oiled coats and mittens. They are
improving as seamen.
Very heavy weather. Clewed up maintopsail. Buntline parted.
The Japanese could not furl the sail. Sent our men aloft; they furled it.
Lightning but no thunder. Heading E by S. Ran S E while getting in topsail.
15th Feb.1860
During the night wind drew to westd, about N. W. The Japanese did not brace foreyard,
consequently we did not make as much as we might have done. Heavy squalls with rain
and sleet. Heavy sea. At 9 set double reefed maintopsail. I got sights.
Mr.Kern wished some disposition made of a heavy box that has been rolling about the cabin.
We supposed it contained Japanese mess stores. To our surprise, found it full of percussion
caps, enough to have blown the cabin up - about 40,000. I stored them away
with the assistance of Manjiro.
We are now running along very handsomely. Sun out.
The Japanese very careless about fires. Galley on fire last night.
At noon had made 480 miles from Cape King by observation.
Manjiro tells me that the Japanese sailors threatened to hang him
at the yard arm last night when he insisted upon their going aloft.
I told him that in case of any attempt to put that threat into execution
to call upon me, that in case of mutiny upon the part of the Japanese sailors,
if the Capt. would give authority I would hang them immediately.
Night. Squally all day with rain at intervals. Set trysails this evening.
The Japanese can not be said to keep watch.
They (with the exception of 3 or 4) all go below and require 15 or
20 minutes to get on deck.
We had some very beautiful rainbows today.
The Capt. came out for a little while. The Commodore thanks me
for taking care of the ship under these circumstances.
039
CIA Director David Petraeus & Gen John Allen
Nov.13, 2012
US President Barack Obama has backed a senior general, despite reports
that he exchanged "flirtatious" emails with Florida socialite Jill Kelley.
Spokesman Jay Carney said Mr Obama had "faith" in Gen John Allen,
chosen to be the next Nato commander in Europe.
Harassment allegations by Mrs Kelley helped unmask an affair between
CIA Director David Petraeus and his biographer Paula Broadwell.
Gen Petraeus resigned on Friday. Gen Allen says he has done nothing wrong.
"I can tell you that the president thinks very highly of Gen Allen and his service
to his country, as well as the job he has done in Afghanistan," spokesman
Jay Carney said, in the first White House reaction since Gen Petraeus quit.
White House spokesman added that President Barack Obama was "very happy"
with Gen Allen's service and record.
The End
040
It's Time to Research the Consumer
by Pierre Martineau
from 『Readings in Marketing』
Is it not strange that business, which uses product research,
market research, and research in employee problems so extensively,
does a complete about-face when confronted with consumer research ?
Either it relies on lifeless, wooden statistics, or it clings
stubbornly to a naive belief that human behavior cannot be studied
on any scientific basis.
Wandering through the world of advertising and market research,
one continually encounters the slogan that "Markets are people."
Advertising agencies stress the diversity, the underlying human
quality of the American market, by showing crowd-shots in their
reception rooms and their house advertising - but, amazingly enough,
they seldom get around to exploring people as people.
Their implied conceptions are correct. Human beings are dynamic,
complex creatures; irrational at least as often as rational;
motivated in large degree by emotion, habit, and prejudice;
differing widely in personality structure, in aspirations, ideals,
and buying behavior even in our own society. Men differ from women,
not only biologically but in their fundamental interests and attitudes.
Teen-agers approaching maturity and responsibility have a vastly
different viewpoint from that of the middle-agers who are gradually
withdrawing from hectic competition. In countless respects there
are broad gulfs among social classes, among racial and ethnic
groups, among rural, small-town, and metropolitan dwellers, and
among personality types in the same groups and classes.
Nor are human individuals static items like ingots. Rather,
they constantly shift their values and their behavior. It is
particularly necessary to understand this factor of change
in view of the profound social and economic upheavals in our
present-day society. Several Twentieth Century Fund studies
have pointed out that we have experienced one of the greatest
social revolutions in human history during the past two decades.
Such books as The Big Change and The Changing American Market
reveal that Americans not only have more money today; they also
have very different values. When these are translated into
buying behavior, they mean a demand for different cars,
different homes in different areas, different paraphernalia
for different recreations, different clothes, and different
kinds of stores.
There is a definite relationship between consumers' purchase
decisions and social and psychological changes:
The tremendous sales success of Oldsmobile, Buick, and Ford
last year was due to styling, not to any notable mechanical
features. Car buyers are looking for designs that will express
the new values which are characteristic of the changes indicated
- modernity, color, individuality, self-expression, sophistication,
youthfulness, gaiety, casual living.
Cadillac's enviable sales picture stems from its realization
that a different quality market exists today, a market much
bigger than the Social Register set. Deliberately cutting loose
from the narrow limits of social snobbery, Cadillac made itself
the achievement symbol for the self-made executive.
Why shouldn't business try to unravel the underlying significance
and the linkages between such surface phenomena as the flair
for color in cars and men's shirts and refrigerators, the rise
of discount houses and outlying shopping centers, the yearning
for self-expression which emerges in new hobbies, new home designs,
new places to travel to ?
In other words, why isn't it important to research basic reasons
for buying behavior ? If our actions are determined not only by
rational considerations but by underlying motivations, attitudes,
feelings, and group norms, why aren't these valid fields for study ?
THE FORGOTTEN HUMAN
How can we so ignore the consumer in our research ?
Almost nobody is trying to understand him as a human being,
as a creature who buys song hits like "Shake, Rattle and Roll" and
"Let Me Go, Lover" by the million ; who idolizes buffoons like
Milton Berle and Jackie Gleason ; who suddenly develops passions
for lavender cars and sectional sofas; who spends his money for
such illogical things as dog racing, filter cigarettes, and
oversize cuff links.
Why are bigger families once more the style ? Why has retail
selling deteriorated almost to a wrap-up function ? Why has there
been such a tremendous shift to participation sports like hunting
and skiing ? Why aren't Packard and Lincoln accepted as success
symbols in the same degree as Cadillac ? Why are families who
already owe money more likely to take on further debts through
further purchases than those who are debt-free ? Why have security
and informality and leisure become such important values
to so many people ?
It is curious that even advertising, a major form of mass
communication, overlooks research and theory in the many aspects
of communication and makes most of its decisions about copy theme
and art on an intuitive basis. I am perfectly aware that advertising
is partly an art, and therefore must always be creative and, in large
degree, intuitive. Freshness, imagination, novelty, drama, and daring
are requisites and should never be shackled by stereotyped and rigid
rules. Nevertheless, there are perfectly valid principles of successful
communication which should serve as a framework for this creativity.
And obviously it makes a tremendous difference to use relevant and
effective motivational appeals.
Scholars in the field of communication point out that the success or
failure of any message depends on so many other factors besides
the rational content and the degree of attention the message receives.'
Yet that is virtually all that advertising is concerned with.
A tremendous part of meaning is conveyed below the verbal level;
yet advertising seldom bothers to determine the impact of its nonrational
symbols: art, color, tone, mood, and so forth.
As adults we respond positively far more often to indirect than
to direct suggestion. Except when we seek advice from an authoritative
person like a doctor, direct suggestion affronts our ego. There are
many things we can never say directly about ourselves without creating
ridicule or resentment. Yet there is no systematized body of knowledge
on how indirection in advertising can be achieved.
One of the principal objectives for any retail store is the
establishment of a public personality. Buying specific merchandise
always takes place within the climate of acceptance or rejection of
this store personality. But retailing has never learned very much
about how to work toward this objective of creating a positive personality
with advertising. Retail advertising stays almost entirely on the
item-and-price level.
The End
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